1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The sympathetic nervous system leaves the central nervous system from which spinal segments?
- ASacral only (S2–S4)
- BCranial and sacral
- CCervical only
- DThoracic and upper lumbar (T1–L2)
2.Human anatomyHard
Which coronary artery most often supplies the sinoatrial (SA) node?
- ARight coronary artery
- BLeft main coronary artery
- CLeft anterior descending artery
- DCircumflex artery
3.Human physiologyMedium
Why does glucose appear in the urine in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?
- AInsulin is needed for glucose reabsorption in the tubule
- BThe glomerulus stops filtering glucose
- CThe collecting duct actively secretes glucose
- DThe filtered load exceeds the tubular transport maximum
4.Human physiologyHard
In Otto Loewi's classic experiment, fluid from a vagus-stimulated frog heart slowed a second heart. What did this show?
- AThe vagus nerve speeds up the heart
- BNerve impulses spread through the fluid directly as electricity
- CNerves pass signals to their targets by releasing a chemical
- DThe heart beats without any nerve supply
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
When is DNA copied in the cell cycle?
- AIn the S phase of interphase
- BDuring cytokinesis
- CDuring metaphase of mitosis
- DOnly during meiosis II
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
During the Industrial Revolution, soot darkened tree trunks in parts of England, and dark peppered moths became more common than pale ones. What best explains this?
- ADark moths were produced by the polluted air
- BBirds found and ate fewer dark moths on the dark trunks
- CThe soot settled on the pale moths and slowly turned them dark
- DThe moths chose to become dark to hide
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
How does dissolving salt in water affect the water's boiling point?
- AIt raises the boiling point slightly
- BIt makes the water boil at room temperature
- CIt has no effect on the boiling point
- DIt lowers the boiling point slightly
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Which coefficients balance the equation for cellular respiration, __C₆H₁₂O₆ + __O₂ → __CO₂ + __H₂O?
- A1, 6, 6, 12
- B2, 6, 12, 6
- C1, 6, 6, 6
- D1, 3, 6, 6
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Thoracic and upper lumbar (T1–L2)
Why this is the answer
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons lie in the lateral horn from T1 to L2. The parasympathetic system has a craniosacral outflow.
D · Thoracic and upper lumbar (T1–L2)
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Right coronary artery
Why this is the answer
The SA nodal artery arises from the right coronary artery in roughly 60% of people and from the circumflex artery in the rest.
A · Right coronary artery
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · The filtered load exceeds the tubular transport maximum
Why this is the answer
Proximal tubule SGLT carriers can reabsorb only so much glucose. When plasma glucose is high, the filtered load exceeds this maximum and the excess is excreted.
D · The filtered load exceeds the tubular transport maximum
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Nerves pass signals to their targets by releasing a chemical
Why this is the answer
The fluid carried "Vagusstoff", later identified as acetylcholine. This was the first clear evidence for chemical neurotransmission.
C · Nerves pass signals to their targets by releasing a chemical
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · In the S phase of interphase
Why this is the answer
DNA replication happens in the S phase, before mitosis begins, so each chromosome enters mitosis as two sister chromatids.
A · In the S phase of interphase
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Birds found and ate fewer dark moths on the dark trunks
Why this is the answer
Dark moths were better camouflaged on sooty bark, so birds ate more pale moths. Dark moths survived and reproduced more, so the dark allele became more common: natural selection in action.
B · Birds found and ate fewer dark moths on the dark trunks
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · It raises the boiling point slightly
Why this is the answer
Dissolved solute lowers the vapour pressure, so a higher temperature is needed to boil. This boiling point elevation is a colligative property, like freezing point depression.
A · It raises the boiling point slightly
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 1, 6, 6, 6
Why this is the answer
6 C gives 6CO₂; 12 H gives 6H₂O. Oxygen on the right is 12 + 6 = 18; glucose supplies 6, so 12 more from 6O₂. C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O.
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