1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which part of the brainstem contains the main cardiovascular and respiratory centres?
- ACerebellum
- BMedulla oblongata
- CMidbrain
- DPons
2.Human anatomyHard
Which ligament of the knee prevents the tibia from sliding forward relative to the femur?
- APosterior cruciate ligament
- BMedial collateral ligament
- CAnterior cruciate ligament
- DPatellar ligament
3.Human physiologyMedium
Why is the oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve S-shaped?
- AHaemoglobin can bind only one oxygen molecule
- BRed cells change size as they take up oxygen
- COxygen dissolves better in plasma at high partial pressure
- DBinding of one oxygen makes the next bind more easily
4.Human physiologyHard
A pulmonary embolus blocks blood flow to a well-ventilated region of lung. How does the ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) ratio of that region change?
- AIt becomes zero, acting as a shunt
- BIt stays normal because ventilation falls too
- CIt becomes low, like in pneumonia
- DIt becomes very high, acting as dead space
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What happens in a dehydration synthesis reaction?
- AWater is removed from the cell by osmosis
- BA cell dries out and dies
- CTwo monomers join and a water molecule is released
- DA polymer is split by adding a water molecule
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A plant cell is placed in pure water. Why does it not burst like an animal cell?
- APlant cells have no cell membrane
- BIts cell wall pushes back as the cell fills, making it firm (turgid)
- CIts vacuole pumps all the water straight out again
- DWater cannot enter plant cells
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Why is a carbon dioxide extinguisher effective on many fires?
- ACO₂ is a liquid that soaks into the fuel
- BCO₂ is denser than air and pushes oxygen away from the fire
- CCO₂ reacts chemically with the fuel to make it non-flammable
- DCO₂ adds oxygen to cool the flames
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Which of these is a redox reaction?
- ANaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O
- BZn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu
- CCaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
- DAgNO₃ + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO₃
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Medulla oblongata
Why this is the answer
The medulla oblongata contains the vital centres that regulate heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rhythm.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Anterior cruciate ligament
Why this is the answer
The anterior cruciate ligament limits anterior translation of the tibia; a positive anterior drawer or Lachman test suggests an ACL tear.
C · Anterior cruciate ligament
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Binding of one oxygen makes the next bind more easily
Why this is the answer
Haemoglobin shows cooperative binding: each bound O₂ increases the affinity of the remaining sites, giving a sigmoid curve.
D · Binding of one oxygen makes the next bind more easily
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · It becomes very high, acting as dead space
Why this is the answer
Ventilation without perfusion gives a very high V/Q ratio (dead space). A shunt, such as in pneumonia, is the opposite: perfusion without ventilation.
D · It becomes very high, acting as dead space
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Two monomers join and a water molecule is released
Why this is the answer
Dehydration synthesis builds polymers by joining monomers and releasing water. The reverse, splitting a polymer with water, is hydrolysis.
C · Two monomers join and a water molecule is released
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Its cell wall pushes back as the cell fills, making it firm (turgid)
Why this is the answer
Water enters by osmosis, the vacuole swells and presses on the cell wall. The wall resists, so the cell becomes turgid instead of bursting.
B · Its cell wall pushes back as the cell fills, making it firm (turgid)
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · CO₂ is denser than air and pushes oxygen away from the fire
Why this is the answer
CO₂ does not burn and is heavier than air, so it forms a layer that cuts off oxygen from the fire. It also cools the fire as the gas expands from the cylinder.
B · CO₂ is denser than air and pushes oxygen away from the fire
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu
Why this is the answer
Zinc goes from 0 to +2 and copper from +2 to 0, so electrons are transferred. In the other reactions every element keeps its oxidation number, so they are not redox.
B · Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu
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