1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which artery is most commonly used to feel the pulse at the wrist?
- AUlnar artery
- BRadial artery
- CBrachial artery
- DAxillary artery
2.Human anatomyHard
In which part of the small intestine are vitamin B12 and bile salts mainly absorbed?
- AJejunum
- BTerminal ileum
- CCaecum
- DDuodenum
3.Human physiologyMedium
Why does glucose appear in the urine in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?
- AInsulin is needed for glucose reabsorption in the tubule
- BThe collecting duct actively secretes glucose
- CThe filtered load exceeds the tubular transport maximum
- DThe glomerulus stops filtering glucose
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does left ventricular failure cause pulmonary oedema?
- AThe right ventricle pumps less blood into the lungs
- BPlasma oncotic pressure in the lungs rises sharply
- CThe bronchial arteries become blocked
- DRaised left atrial pressure increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
A patient's heart rate is measured four times: 70, 72, 74 and 80 beats per minute. What is the mean?
- A72 beats per minute
- B73 beats per minute
- C74 beats per minute
- D80 beats per minute
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
The field of view of a microscope is 0.5 mm wide. About 10 cells fit across it in a line. What is the approximate width of one cell?
- A0.5 µm
- B500 µm
- C5 µm
- D50 µm
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
A reaction has ΔH = −890 kJ/mol. What does the negative sign tell you?
- AThe reaction is at equilibrium
- BThe reaction is exothermic
- CThe reaction needs a catalyst
- DThe reaction is endothermic
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Using PV = nRT with R = 0.082 L·atm/(mol·K), how many moles of gas are in 24.6 L at 1 atm and 300 K?
- A0.5 mol
- B300 mol
- C2 mol
- D1 mol
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Radial artery
Why this is the answer
The radial artery lies superficially on the thumb side of the wrist, against the radius, which makes the pulse easy to feel.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Terminal ileum
Why this is the answer
The terminal ileum absorbs vitamin B12 (bound to intrinsic factor) and reabsorbs bile salts. The duodenum mainly absorbs iron.
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · The filtered load exceeds the tubular transport maximum
Why this is the answer
Proximal tubule SGLT carriers can reabsorb only so much glucose. When plasma glucose is high, the filtered load exceeds this maximum and the excess is excreted.
C · The filtered load exceeds the tubular transport maximum
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Raised left atrial pressure increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
Why this is the answer
A failing left ventricle backs up pressure into the left atrium and pulmonary veins. High capillary hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid into the lung interstitium and alveoli.
D · Raised left atrial pressure increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 74 beats per minute
Why this is the answer
70 + 72 + 74 + 80 = 296, and 296 ÷ 4 = 74 beats per minute.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 50 µm
Why this is the answer
0.5 mm = 500 µm. Dividing by 10 cells gives about 50 µm per cell.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · The reaction is exothermic
Why this is the answer
A negative ΔH means the system loses energy to the surroundings, so the reaction is exothermic. A positive ΔH means energy is absorbed (endothermic). This value is for burning methane.
B · The reaction is exothermic
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 1 mol
Why this is the answer
n = PV ÷ RT = (1 × 24.6) ÷ (0.082 × 300) = 24.6 ÷ 24.6 = 1 mol.
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