1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which cranial nerve controls movement of the tongue?
- AVagus nerve (X)
- BHypoglossal nerve (XII)
- CGlossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
- DFacial nerve (VII)
2.Human anatomyHard
A patient cannot abduct the arm beyond about 15° after a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus, and has numbness over the lateral shoulder. Which nerve is most likely injured?
- ALong thoracic nerve
- BSuprascapular nerve
- CAxillary nerve
- DRadial nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which protein forms the mesh that stabilises a blood clot?
- ACollagen
- BThrombin
- CFibrin
- DAlbumin
4.Human physiologyHard
Which spirometry finding is typical of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- AFEV1/FVC ratio below 0.7
- BNormal FEV1 with low FVC
- CFEV1/FVC ratio above 0.9 with low FVC
- DIncreased peak expiratory flow
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?
- AIt uses channel or carrier proteins but no ATP
- BIt only moves gases such as oxygen
- CIt uses ATP to move molecules uphill
- DIt moves molecules against their gradient using a pump and ATP
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
After a meal, blood glucose rises. Which response brings it back to normal?
- AThe pancreas releases glucagon, and the liver releases glucose
- BThe pancreas releases insulin, and cells take up glucose
- CThe liver stops storing glycogen and releases more glucose
- DThe kidneys release insulin into the urine
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
A solution has a pH of 2. What is its hydrogen ion concentration?
- A1 × 10² mol/L
- B1 × 10⁻¹² mol/L
- C2 mol/L
- D1 × 10⁻² mol/L
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Hydrogen is usually placed at the top of group 1. Which statement about hydrogen is correct?
- AIt always forms H⁺ ions and never shares electrons
- BIt has one valence electron like group 1 metals, but it is a nonmetal gas
- CIt has a full outer shell like the noble gases
- DIt is an alkali metal that is solid at room temperature
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Why this is the answer
The hypoglossal nerve supplies the intrinsic and most extrinsic tongue muscles. A lesion makes the protruded tongue deviate towards the affected side.
B · Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Axillary nerve
Why this is the answer
The axillary nerve wraps around the surgical neck of the humerus. It supplies deltoid and teres minor and the skin over the lateral shoulder ("regimental badge" area).
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · Fibrin
Why this is the answer
Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin strands, which bind the platelet plug and trap red cells to form a stable clot.
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · FEV1/FVC ratio below 0.7
Why this is the answer
Narrowed airways slow expiration, so FEV1 falls more than FVC and the ratio drops below 0.7. In COPD this is not fully reversed by bronchodilators.
A · FEV1/FVC ratio below 0.7
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · It uses channel or carrier proteins but no ATP
Why this is the answer
In facilitated diffusion, molecules that cannot cross the lipid bilayer pass through membrane proteins, still down their gradient and without ATP.
A · It uses channel or carrier proteins but no ATP
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · The pancreas releases insulin, and cells take up glucose
Why this is the answer
High glucose stimulates the beta cells of the pancreas to secrete insulin. Insulin helps cells take up glucose and the liver store it as glycogen, so blood glucose falls. Glucagon does the opposite when glucose is low.
B · The pancreas releases insulin, and cells take up glucose
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 1 × 10⁻² mol/L
Why this is the answer
If pH = 2, then [H⁺] = 10⁻² = 0.01 mol/L. The pH is the negative exponent of the hydrogen ion concentration.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · It has one valence electron like group 1 metals, but it is a nonmetal gas
Why this is the answer
Hydrogen has one electron, which explains its position in group 1, but it is a nonmetal gas (H₂) that usually forms covalent bonds, as in H₂O and CH₄. It is not an alkali metal.
B · It has one valence electron like group 1 metals, but it is a nonmetal gas
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