1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The rotator cuff consists of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and which other muscle?
- ASubscapularis
- BDeltoid
- CTeres major
- DLatissimus dorsi
2.Human anatomyHard
In portal hypertension, oesophageal varices form at which portosystemic anastomosis?
- ABetween the paraumbilical veins and the epigastric veins
- BBetween the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
- CBetween the superior rectal and middle rectal veins
- DBetween the splenic vein and the left renal vein
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is the main function of pulmonary surfactant?
- ATo carry oxygen across the alveolar wall
- BTo kill bacteria in the airways
- CTo trap dust in the bronchi
- DTo reduce surface tension in the alveoli
4.Human physiologyHard
In a patient with primary hypothyroidism, you would expect:
- AHigh TSH and high free T4
- BLow TSH and low free T4
- CHigh TSH and low free T4
- DLow TSH and high free T4
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
A deletion removes exactly three bases, forming one whole codon, from the middle of a gene. What is the most likely result?
- AThe protein lacks one amino acid but the rest is unchanged
- BThe protein becomes three times longer
- CNo protein can be made at all
- DEvery amino acid after the deletion is changed to a new one
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Why does cooking oil not mix with water?
- AOil molecules are nonpolar and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water
- BWater molecules are nonpolar and avoid each other
- COil is denser than water and sinks
- DOil molecules are polar and repel the charged ends of water molecules
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
A piece of metal has a density of 8 g/cm³ and a volume of 5 cm³. What is its mass?
- A0.625 g
- B1.6 g
- C40 g
- D13 g
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Why does atomic radius decrease from left to right across a period?
- AThe atoms lose electrons across the period
- BEach element adds a new electron shell
- CMore protons pull the electrons of the same outer shell closer
- DNeutrons push the electrons outward less strongly
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Subscapularis
Why this is the answer
SITS: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis. Teres major is close by but is not part of the cuff.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Between the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
Why this is the answer
At the lower oesophagus, portal blood in the left gastric vein meets systemic blood in the oesophageal veins draining to the azygos system. High portal pressure dilates these veins.
B · Between the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · To reduce surface tension in the alveoli
Why this is the answer
Surfactant, made by type II alveolar cells, lowers surface tension so alveoli do not collapse and the lungs are easier to inflate.
D · To reduce surface tension in the alveoli
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · High TSH and low free T4
Why this is the answer
When the thyroid fails, low T4 removes negative feedback and the pituitary raises TSH. Low TSH with low T4 would point to secondary (pituitary) hypothyroidism.
C · High TSH and low free T4
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · The protein lacks one amino acid but the rest is unchanged
Why this is the answer
Because three bases are removed, the codons after the deletion are still read in the correct frame. The protein loses one amino acid, which may or may not affect its function.
A · The protein lacks one amino acid but the rest is unchanged
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Oil molecules are nonpolar and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water
Why this is the answer
Water molecules attract each other by hydrogen bonds. Nonpolar oil molecules cannot take part in these bonds, so water excludes them and the oil separates, usually floating on top.
A · Oil molecules are nonpolar and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 40 g
Why this is the answer
Mass = density × volume = 8 g/cm³ × 5 cm³ = 40 g. Dividing would give the wrong units.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · More protons pull the electrons of the same outer shell closer
Why this is the answer
Across a period, each element has one more proton but its outer electrons are in the same shell with similar shielding. The stronger nuclear charge pulls the electrons in, so the atom gets smaller.
C · More protons pull the electrons of the same outer shell closer
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