1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?
- AUlnar nerve
- BMedian nerve
- CRadial nerve
- DMusculocutaneous nerve
2.Human anatomyHard
A stroke affecting the left middle cerebral artery in a right-handed person most likely causes:
- ALeft-sided weakness and aphasia
- BIsolated loss of balance
- CRight-sided weakness and aphasia
- DRight-sided weakness and left visual neglect
3.Human physiologyMedium
Besides lowering glucose, insulin moves which ion into cells, an effect used to treat hyperkalaemia?
- ASodium
- BPotassium
- CChloride
- DCalcium
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does ketoacidosis typically develop in untreated type 1 diabetes but rarely in type 2?
- AEven low insulin levels suppress lipolysis and ketogenesis
- BType 2 patients cannot make ketones at all
- CType 1 patients have more glucagon receptors
- DKetones are only made in children
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Why does each type of virus infect only certain kinds of cells?
- AIt can only enter cells that are dividing by meiosis at that time
- BIt must find cells with the same DNA as its own
- CIt can only enter cells that have no nucleus
- DIt must attach to specific receptor proteins on the cell surface
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Sweating cools the body. Which property of water best explains this?
- AIt has a very low specific heat
- BIt takes a lot of heat energy to evaporate
- CIt is a nonpolar solvent
- DIt is less dense as ice than as a liquid
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is the normal boiling point of a liquid?
- AThe temperature at which its density is greatest
- BThe temperature at which it first starts to evaporate
- CThe temperature at which its vapour pressure equals 1 atmosphere
- DThe temperature at which its particles stop moving
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Water is split as 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂. What volume of O₂ at STP (0 °C and 1 atm) forms from 2 mol of water?
- A67.2 L
- B11.2 L
- C44.8 L
- D22.4 L
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Median nerve
Why this is the answer
The median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel under the flexor retinaculum; compression causes tingling in the thumb, index and middle fingers.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Right-sided weakness and aphasia
Why this is the answer
The left MCA supplies the left motor cortex (face and arm of the right side) and Broca's and Wernicke's areas, so right hemiparesis with aphasia is typical.
C · Right-sided weakness and aphasia
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · Potassium
Why this is the answer
Insulin stimulates the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and shifts potassium into cells. Insulin with glucose is therefore used to lower dangerously high plasma potassium.
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · Even low insulin levels suppress lipolysis and ketogenesis
Why this is the answer
Insulin strongly inhibits lipolysis and hepatic ketone production. In type 1 there is almost no insulin, so fatty acids flood the liver and ketones build up.
A · Even low insulin levels suppress lipolysis and ketogenesis
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · It must attach to specific receptor proteins on the cell surface
Why this is the answer
Viral surface proteins bind to particular receptor molecules on host cells. Only cells with the right receptors can be infected; for example, HIV binds the CD4 protein on helper T cells.
D · It must attach to specific receptor proteins on the cell surface
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · It takes a lot of heat energy to evaporate
Why this is the answer
Water has a high heat of vaporisation, so evaporating sweat removes a large amount of heat from the skin. Its high specific heat also helps keep body temperature steady.
B · It takes a lot of heat energy to evaporate
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · The temperature at which its vapour pressure equals 1 atmosphere
Why this is the answer
A liquid boils when its vapour pressure equals the surrounding pressure. The normal boiling point is measured at 1 atm (sea-level pressure), which is 100 °C for water.
C · The temperature at which its vapour pressure equals 1 atmosphere
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 22.4 L
Why this is the answer
2 mol H₂O gives 1 mol O₂ (ratio 2 : 1). At STP, 1 mol of gas occupies 22.4 L. The 2 mol of H₂ formed would fill 44.8 L.
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