1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which artery is most commonly used to feel the pulse at the wrist?
- ARadial artery
- BUlnar artery
- CAxillary artery
- DBrachial artery
2.Human anatomyHard
An indirect inguinal hernia enters the inguinal canal at which point?
- ABelow the inguinal ligament, through the femoral canal
- BThrough the posterior wall of the canal, medial to the inferior epigastric vessels
- CThrough the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
- DThrough the superficial ring only, without entering the canal
3.Human physiologyMedium
During contraction of a skeletal muscle sarcomere, which band stays the same length?
- AA band
- BThe whole sarcomere
- CI band
- DH zone
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does ketoacidosis typically develop in untreated type 1 diabetes but rarely in type 2?
- AKetones are only made in children
- BEven low insulin levels suppress lipolysis and ketogenesis
- CType 2 patients cannot make ketones at all
- DType 1 patients have more glucagon receptors
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which statement about Archaea is correct?
- AThey are eukaryotes that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- BThey are multicellular plants
- CThey are prokaryotes, and many live in extreme environments
- DThey are a type of virus
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Two parents who both have a genetic condition have a child who does not. Assuming a single gene, what inheritance pattern does this show?
- AAutosomal recessive, with both parents heterozygous
- BAutosomal recessive, with both parents homozygous
- CX-linked recessive, with the father as a carrier
- DAutosomal dominant, with both parents heterozygous
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is the density of an object with a mass of 50 g and a volume of 20 cm³?
- A1000 g/cm³
- B2.5 g/cm³
- C0.4 g/cm³
- D70 g/cm³
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Which substance has the lowest boiling point?
- AHelium
- BWater
- CIron
- DSodium chloride
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Radial artery
Why this is the answer
The radial artery lies superficially on the thumb side of the wrist, against the radius, which makes the pulse easy to feel.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Through the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
Why this is the answer
An indirect hernia passes through the deep ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels, and runs along the canal. A direct hernia pushes through the posterior wall medial to them.
C · Through the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · A band
Why this is the answer
In the sliding filament model, filaments slide past each other without shortening. The A band (myosin length) stays the same while the I band and H zone shorten.
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · Even low insulin levels suppress lipolysis and ketogenesis
Why this is the answer
Insulin strongly inhibits lipolysis and hepatic ketone production. In type 1 there is almost no insulin, so fatty acids flood the liver and ketones build up.
B · Even low insulin levels suppress lipolysis and ketogenesis
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · They are prokaryotes, and many live in extreme environments
Why this is the answer
Archaea are prokaryotic, like bacteria, but differ in their membranes and some genes. Many live in hot springs, very salty water or other harsh places, so they form their own domain.
C · They are prokaryotes, and many live in extreme environments
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Autosomal dominant, with both parents heterozygous
Why this is the answer
If the trait were recessive, both affected parents would be aa and all children would be aa and affected. An unaffected child means the trait is dominant and both parents are Aa, so each child has a 1/4 chance of being aa and unaffected.
D · Autosomal dominant, with both parents heterozygous
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · 2.5 g/cm³
Why this is the answer
ρ = 50 g ÷ 20 cm³ = 2.5 g/cm³. It is denser than water (1 g/cm³) and would sink.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Helium
Why this is the answer
Helium atoms are tiny and attract each other only by very weak dispersion forces, so helium boils near −269 °C. Water has hydrogen bonds, while NaCl and iron have strong ionic and metallic bonds.
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