1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which cranial nerve controls most of the muscles of facial expression?
- AFacial nerve (VII)
- BTrigeminal nerve (V)
- CHypoglossal nerve (XII)
- DOculomotor nerve (III)
2.Human anatomyHard
A footballer takes a blow to the outside of the planted knee. Which combination of injuries is classically called the "unhappy triad"?
- AAnterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament and patellar ligament
- BMedial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament and patella
- CPosterior cruciate ligament, lateral collateral ligament and lateral meniscus
- DAnterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus
3.Human physiologyMedium
In skeletal muscle, where does most of the calcium for contraction come from?
- AThe nucleus
- BThe mitochondria
- CThe extracellular fluid
- DThe sarcoplasmic reticulum
4.Human physiologyHard
A pulmonary embolus blocks blood flow to a well-ventilated region of lung. How does the ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) ratio of that region change?
- AIt stays normal because ventilation falls too
- BIt becomes zero, acting as a shunt
- CIt becomes low, like in pneumonia
- DIt becomes very high, acting as dead space
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What do the spindle fibres do during cell division?
- AThey make the new nuclear envelope
- BThey attach to chromosomes and move them to the poles
- CThey copy the DNA of each chromosome before the cell divides
- DThey digest the old cell membrane
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A diploid cell contains 10 units of DNA in G1. How many units are in each cell at the end of meiosis II?
- A10 units
- B5 units
- C2.5 units
- D20 units
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is the name of the molecular compound CO?
- ACarbon dioxide
- BMonocarbon oxide
- CCarbon oxide
- DCarbon monoxide
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Which of these is a neutralisation reaction?
- AZn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu
- BCH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O
- C2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂
- DH₂SO₄ + 2KOH → K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Facial nerve (VII)
Why this is the answer
The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) supplies the muscles of facial expression. Damage causes facial palsy, as in Bell's palsy.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus
Why this is the answer
A valgus force with rotation tears the MCL, the ACL and the medial meniscus, which is firmly attached to the MCL.
D · Anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · The sarcoplasmic reticulum
Why this is the answer
Depolarisation of the T-tubules opens ryanodine receptors in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, releasing stored calcium into the cytoplasm.
D · The sarcoplasmic reticulum
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · It becomes very high, acting as dead space
Why this is the answer
Ventilation without perfusion gives a very high V/Q ratio (dead space). A shunt, such as in pneumonia, is the opposite: perfusion without ventilation.
D · It becomes very high, acting as dead space
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · They attach to chromosomes and move them to the poles
Why this is the answer
Spindle fibres are microtubules that attach to the centromeres. They line chromosomes up at metaphase and then pull sister chromatids (or homologous chromosomes in meiosis I) to opposite poles.
B · They attach to chromosomes and move them to the poles
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · 5 units
Why this is the answer
After S phase the cell has 20 units. Meiosis I divides it into two cells of 10 units, and meiosis II into four cells of 5 units each, half the G1 amount, which matches the haploid state.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Carbon monoxide
Why this is the answer
For molecular compounds, prefixes give the number of atoms: CO has one oxygen, so it is carbon monoxide. "Mono-" is not used for the first element.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · H₂SO₄ + 2KOH → K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
Why this is the answer
Sulfuric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide to give a salt (K₂SO₄) and water. The others are decomposition, combustion and single replacement.
D · H₂SO₄ + 2KOH → K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
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