1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
In which structure do sperm mature and get stored after leaving the testis?
- ASeminiferous tubules
- BSeminal vesicle
- CProstate gland
- DEpididymis
2.Human anatomyHard
Which ligament of the knee prevents the tibia from sliding forward relative to the femur?
- AAnterior cruciate ligament
- BMedial collateral ligament
- CPatellar ligament
- DPosterior cruciate ligament
3.Human physiologyMedium
Where is the heart's natural pacemaker?
- AAtrioventricular node
- BBundle of His
- CPurkinje fibres
- DSinoatrial node
4.Human physiologyHard
Why is severe hyperkalaemia dangerous for the heart?
- AIt depolarises cardiac cells, inactivating sodium channels and causing arrhythmias
- BIt blocks the binding of calcium to troponin
- CIt speeds up the SA node until tachycardia causes fainting
- DIt hyperpolarises cardiac cells, so they can never fire
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What does Mendel's law of segregation state?
- AGenes on different chromosomes are always inherited together
- BEach gamete receives both alleles of every gene
- CThe two alleles of a gene separate so each gamete gets only one
- DDominant alleles are more common in a population than recessive ones
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A light microscope has a 10× eyepiece and a 40× objective lens. What is the total magnification?
- A400×
- B4000×
- C40×
- D50×
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
How does evaporation differ from boiling?
- AEvaporation needs a higher temperature than boiling
- BEvaporation produces a solid, while boiling produces a gas
- CEvaporation happens throughout the liquid at a set temperature; boiling happens only at the surface
- DEvaporation happens only at the surface and at any temperature; boiling happens throughout the liquid at a set temperature
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Zinc reacts as Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂. What mass of zinc (65 g/mol) reacts completely with 50 mL of 2 M HCl?
- A3.25 g
- B6.5 g
- C65 g
- D1.63 g
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Epididymis
Why this is the answer
Sperm are made in the seminiferous tubules and then mature and are stored in the epididymis before passing into the ductus deferens.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Anterior cruciate ligament
Why this is the answer
The anterior cruciate ligament limits anterior translation of the tibia; a positive anterior drawer or Lachman test suggests an ACL tear.
A · Anterior cruciate ligament
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Sinoatrial node
Why this is the answer
The SA node depolarises spontaneously at the fastest rate and sets the heart rhythm. The AV node delays the impulse before it spreads to the ventricles.
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · It depolarises cardiac cells, inactivating sodium channels and causing arrhythmias
Why this is the answer
High extracellular potassium makes the resting potential less negative. Many fast sodium channels then become inactivated, slowing conduction and risking fatal arrhythmias.
A · It depolarises cardiac cells, inactivating sodium channels and causing arrhythmias
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · The two alleles of a gene separate so each gamete gets only one
Why this is the answer
During meiosis the two alleles of each gene separate, so each gamete carries one allele. At fertilisation, the offspring receives one allele from each parent.
C · The two alleles of a gene separate so each gamete gets only one
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 400×
Why this is the answer
Total magnification = eyepiece × objective = 10 × 40 = 400×.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Evaporation happens only at the surface and at any temperature; boiling happens throughout the liquid at a set temperature
Why this is the answer
In evaporation, fast-moving surface molecules escape at any temperature. In boiling, vapour bubbles form inside the liquid once its vapour pressure equals the outside pressure.
D · Evaporation happens only at the surface and at any temperature; boiling happens throughout the liquid at a set temperature
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 3.25 g
Why this is the answer
Moles HCl = 2 × 0.050 = 0.10 mol. Zinc needed = 0.10 ÷ 2 = 0.050 mol. Mass = 0.050 × 65 = 3.25 g. Forgetting the ratio gives 6.5 g.
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