1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which part of the adrenal gland secretes adrenaline?
- AZona fasciculata
- BZona glomerulosa
- CZona reticularis
- DAdrenal medulla
2.Human anatomyHard
In the fetus, the ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta. What does it become after birth?
- ALigamentum teres
- BLigamentum venosum
- CLigamentum arteriosum
- DFossa ovalis
3.Human physiologyMedium
How is the ejection fraction calculated?
- ACardiac output ÷ heart rate
- BEnd-systolic volume ÷ stroke volume
- CEnd-diastolic volume ÷ end-systolic volume
- DStroke volume ÷ end-diastolic volume
4.Human physiologyHard
During exercise, blood flow to active skeletal muscle rises greatly. What is the main cause?
- ALocal metabolites such as CO₂, H⁺, K⁺ and adenosine dilate the arterioles
- BSympathetic stimulation constricts the muscle arterioles via alpha receptors
- CThe parasympathetic system dilates all arteries
- DThe heart pumps blood only to the muscles
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which of these is part of the body's innate (non-specific) defence?
- AMemory B cells from an earlier infection
- BT cells that recognise one virus
- CAntibodies made after vaccination
- DThe skin and stomach acid
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Why do antibiotics not cure viral infections such as the common cold?
- AViruses are too large for antibiotics to reach
- BAntibiotics only work on infections of the skin
- CViruses lack the cell walls, ribosomes and metabolism that antibiotics target
- DViruses are killed by the body before antibiotics can act
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Sulfur has 16 electrons. In which period of the periodic table is it?
- APeriod 3
- BPeriod 16
- CPeriod 6
- DPeriod 2
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
What fraction of a radioactive isotope remains after three half-lives?
- A1/9
- B1/6
- C1/3
- D1/8
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Adrenal medulla
Why this is the answer
The adrenal medulla releases adrenaline and noradrenaline in response to sympathetic stimulation. The three zones of the cortex make steroid hormones.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Ligamentum arteriosum
Why this is the answer
The ductus arteriosus closes after birth and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. The foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovalis and the ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum.
C · Ligamentum arteriosum
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Stroke volume ÷ end-diastolic volume
Why this is the answer
Ejection fraction is the proportion of blood in the full ventricle that is ejected per beat. A normal value is about 55–70%.
D · Stroke volume ÷ end-diastolic volume
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · Local metabolites such as CO₂, H⁺, K⁺ and adenosine dilate the arterioles
Why this is the answer
Active hyperaemia: metabolites produced by working muscle relax arteriolar smooth muscle locally, overriding sympathetic vasoconstriction in that tissue.
A · Local metabolites such as CO₂, H⁺, K⁺ and adenosine dilate the arterioles
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · The skin and stomach acid
Why this is the answer
Innate defences include physical and chemical barriers such as skin, mucus and stomach acid, plus phagocytes and inflammation. Antibodies, memory cells and specific T cells belong to adaptive immunity.
D · The skin and stomach acid
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Viruses lack the cell walls, ribosomes and metabolism that antibiotics target
Why this is the answer
Antibiotics act on bacterial structures such as peptidoglycan walls and 70S ribosomes. Viruses have none of these, so antibiotics have nothing to act on.
C · Viruses lack the cell walls, ribosomes and metabolism that antibiotics target
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Period 3
Why this is the answer
Sulfur's arrangement is 2, 8, 6. It has three occupied shells, so it is in period 3. The 6 outer electrons place it in group 16.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 1/8
Why this is the answer
After each half-life the amount is halved: 1 → 1/2 → 1/4 → 1/8. After n half-lives, (1/2)ⁿ remains.
This is independent practice material. ExamProblems is not affiliated with or endorsed by the organisation that runs this exam, and the exam name is used only to describe the content. ATI TEAS is a trademark of Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC (ATI), which is not affiliated with ExamProblems and does not endorse it or vouch for its accuracy.