1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which muscle is the main extensor of the elbow?
- ATriceps brachii
- BBiceps brachii
- CCoracobrachialis
- DBrachialis
2.Human anatomyHard
Where does the thoracic duct usually empty its lymph into the blood?
- ARight atrium directly
- BJunction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
- CInferior vena cava at the level of the kidneys
- DJunction of the right subclavian and right internal jugular veins
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which hormonal event triggers ovulation?
- AA fall in oestrogen
- BA surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
- CA rise in progesterone from the corpus luteum
- DA surge of prolactin
4.Human physiologyHard
A young woman has muscle weakness that gets worse with repeated use and improves with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. What is the most likely mechanism?
- AA defect in the dystrophin protein of muscle
- BDemyelination of central nervous system tracts
- CAntibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
- DLoss of motor neurons in the spinal cord
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
In disease spread, what is a vector?
- AA medicine that destroys a pathogen in the body
- BA blood test used to detect antibodies
- CThe first person to catch a disease
- DAn organism that carries a pathogen between hosts
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Bacteria grown in heavy nitrogen (¹⁵N) are moved to normal nitrogen (¹⁴N) and allowed to divide once. All their DNA now has a density halfway between heavy and light. Which model of replication does this support?
- AReplication by RNA copying
- BSemiconservative replication
- CConservative replication
- DReplication without a template
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What charge do group 16 elements such as oxygen and sulfur usually have as ions?
- A2+
- B1−
- C2−
- D6+
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Which phase change absorbs energy from the surroundings (is endothermic)?
- ACondensation
- BFreezing
- CDeposition
- DSublimation
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Triceps brachii
Why this is the answer
Triceps brachii inserts on the olecranon of the ulna and extends the elbow. Biceps and brachialis are elbow flexors.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
Why this is the answer
The thoracic duct drains lymph from both legs, the abdomen and the left side of the upper body into the left venous angle. The right lymphatic duct drains the rest into the right venous angle.
B · Junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · A surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
Why this is the answer
Rising oestrogen from the dominant follicle triggers an LH surge from the anterior pituitary, which causes ovulation about a day later.
B · A surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Antibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
Why this is the answer
In myasthenia gravis, autoantibodies reduce the number of functional acetylcholine receptors. Blocking acetylcholinesterase leaves more ACh to bind the remaining receptors.
C · Antibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · An organism that carries a pathogen between hosts
Why this is the answer
A vector, such as a mosquito, tick or flea, carries pathogens between hosts. Controlling vectors, for example with bed nets, is a key way to prevent diseases like malaria.
D · An organism that carries a pathogen between hosts
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Semiconservative replication
Why this is the answer
This is the Meselson–Stahl experiment. Intermediate density after one generation means each molecule had one old (heavy) and one new (light) strand. Conservative replication would have given separate heavy and light bands.
B · Semiconservative replication
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 2−
Why this is the answer
Group 16 atoms have 6 valence electrons and gain 2 to reach 8, forming ions such as O²⁻ (oxide) and S²⁻ (sulfide).
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Sublimation
Why this is the answer
Melting, evaporation and sublimation all need energy to overcome attractions, so they are endothermic. Freezing, condensation and deposition release energy and are exothermic.
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