1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which part of the brain is chiefly responsible for coordination and balance?
- AThalamus
- BHypothalamus
- CCerebellum
- DMedulla oblongata
2.Human anatomyHard
A lesion of the left optic tract causes which visual field defect?
- ABitemporal hemianopia
- BRight homonymous hemianopia
- CLeft homonymous hemianopia
- DBlindness in the left eye only
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which ABO blood group has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma?
- AGroup A
- BGroup B
- CGroup AB
- DGroup O
4.Human physiologyHard
Which mechanism mainly creates the concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney?
- ASecretion of urea into the proximal tubule
- BThe countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
- CADH acting on the descending limb
- DGlomerular filtration
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
In a food chain, producers hold 10 000 units of energy. Roughly how much is passed on to the primary consumers?
- AAbout 5000 units
- BAbout 10 000 units
- CAbout 1000 units
- DAbout 10 units
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A light microscope has a 10× eyepiece and a 40× objective lens. What is the total magnification?
- A50×
- B4000×
- C40×
- D400×
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
In a closed container, 10 g of substance A reacts completely with 5 g of substance B. What is the total mass of the products?
- A50 g
- B5 g
- C10 g
- D15 g
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
How many atoms in total are in 0.5 mol of water, H₂O?
- A6.02 × 10²³
- B1.81 × 10²⁴
- C9.03 × 10²³
- D3.01 × 10²³
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Cerebellum
Why this is the answer
The cerebellum fine-tunes movement, posture and balance. Damage causes ataxia and an unsteady gait.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Right homonymous hemianopia
Why this is the answer
The left optic tract carries fibres from the left half of each retina, which see the right visual field. Its lesion causes loss of the right half of the field in both eyes.
B · Right homonymous hemianopia
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Group O
Why this is the answer
Group O people have no A or B antigens and make both anti-A and anti-B. Group AB has both antigens and neither antibody.
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
Why this is the answer
The ascending limb actively transports NaCl into the interstitium without letting water follow, and the countercurrent flow multiplies this into a steep gradient that ADH then uses to concentrate urine.
B · The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · About 1000 units
Why this is the answer
Only about 10% of the energy at one level is passed to the next. The rest is used for life processes, lost as heat or left in parts that are not eaten.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 400×
Why this is the answer
Total magnification = eyepiece × objective = 10 × 40 = 400×.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 15 g
Why this is the answer
By the law of conservation of mass, the products have the same total mass as the reactants: 10 g + 5 g = 15 g.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 9.03 × 10²³
Why this is the answer
0.5 mol × 6.02 × 10²³ = 3.01 × 10²³ molecules. Each has 3 atoms, so 3 × 3.01 × 10²³ = 9.03 × 10²³ atoms.
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