1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
- AAortic valve
- BPulmonary valve
- CTricuspid valve
- DMitral (bicuspid) valve
2.Human anatomyHard
After a stroke, a patient speaks fluently but uses meaningless words and cannot understand speech. Where is the lesion most likely to be?
- ACerebellar hemisphere
- BInferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
- CPosterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
- DPrecentral gyrus of the non-dominant hemisphere
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which hormonal event triggers ovulation?
- AA surge of prolactin
- BA fall in oestrogen
- CA rise in progesterone from the corpus luteum
- DA surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
4.Human physiologyHard
A pulmonary embolus blocks blood flow to a well-ventilated region of lung. How does the ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) ratio of that region change?
- AIt stays normal because ventilation falls too
- BIt becomes low, like in pneumonia
- CIt becomes zero, acting as a shunt
- DIt becomes very high, acting as dead space
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Why can an electron microscope show more detail than a light microscope?
- AElectron microscopes use stronger glass lenses
- BElectrons are brighter than light
- CElectron microscopes use living cells only
- DElectrons have a much shorter wavelength than light
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A diploid cell contains 10 units of DNA in G1. How many units are in each cell at the end of meiosis II?
- A2.5 units
- B10 units
- C5 units
- D20 units
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which compound is formed between calcium (Ca²⁺) and chlorine (Cl⁻)?
- ACa₂Cl₃
- BCaCl₂
- CCaCl
- DCa₂Cl
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Using PV = nRT with R = 0.082 L·atm/(mol·K), how many moles of gas are in 24.6 L at 1 atm and 300 K?
- A2 mol
- B300 mol
- C1 mol
- D0.5 mol
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Why this is the answer
The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle; the tricuspid valve does the same on the right side.
D · Mitral (bicuspid) valve
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
Why this is the answer
This is Wernicke's (receptive) aphasia, caused by damage to Wernicke's area in the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Broca's area in the inferior frontal gyrus causes non-fluent aphasia.
C · Posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · A surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
Why this is the answer
Rising oestrogen from the dominant follicle triggers an LH surge from the anterior pituitary, which causes ovulation about a day later.
D · A surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · It becomes very high, acting as dead space
Why this is the answer
Ventilation without perfusion gives a very high V/Q ratio (dead space). A shunt, such as in pneumonia, is the opposite: perfusion without ventilation.
D · It becomes very high, acting as dead space
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Electrons have a much shorter wavelength than light
Why this is the answer
The shorter the wavelength, the higher the resolution. Electron beams have far shorter wavelengths than visible light, so electron microscopes can separate points that are much closer together.
D · Electrons have a much shorter wavelength than light
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 5 units
Why this is the answer
After S phase the cell has 20 units. Meiosis I divides it into two cells of 10 units, and meiosis II into four cells of 5 units each, half the G1 amount, which matches the haploid state.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · CaCl₂
Why this is the answer
One Ca²⁺ needs two Cl⁻ ions to balance the charges: (+2) + 2 × (−1) = 0, giving CaCl₂.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 1 mol
Why this is the answer
n = PV ÷ RT = (1 × 24.6) ÷ (0.082 × 300) = 24.6 ÷ 24.6 = 1 mol.
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