1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The head of the femur articulates with which structure?
- AAcetabulum
- BGlenoid cavity
- CGreater trochanter
- DObturator foramen
2.Human anatomyHard
A patient has a drooping eyelid, a dilated pupil and an eye that rests "down and out". Which nerve is most likely damaged?
- AAbducens nerve (VI)
- BOptic nerve (II)
- COculomotor nerve (III)
- DTrochlear nerve (IV)
3.Human physiologyMedium
In which form is most carbon dioxide carried in the blood?
- ADissolved as CO₂ gas
- BBound to the haem iron
- CAs bicarbonate ions in plasma
- DAs carbonic acid in platelets
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does left ventricular failure cause pulmonary oedema?
- AThe right ventricle pumps less blood into the lungs
- BPlasma oncotic pressure in the lungs rises sharply
- CThe bronchial arteries become blocked
- DRaised left atrial pressure increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which sequence is complementary to the DNA strand A-T-G-C-C-A?
- AA-T-G-C-C-A
- BT-A-C-G-G-T
- CU-A-C-G-G-U
- DG-C-A-T-T-G
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
An inhibitor binds to an enzyme away from the active site and changes the enzyme's shape. Adding more substrate does not restore the rate. What type of inhibition is this?
- ADenaturation by heat
- BSubstrate saturation
- CNoncompetitive inhibition
- DCompetitive inhibition
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which gas forms when hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium carbonate?
- AChlorine
- BOxygen
- CCarbon dioxide
- DHydrogen
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Why does water have an unusually high boiling point for such a small molecule?
- AIt is an ionic compound
- BStrong hydrogen bonds between its molecules must be broken
- CIts molecules are very heavy
- DIts O–H bonds break when it boils
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Acetabulum
Why this is the answer
The acetabulum is the cup-shaped socket of the hip bone, formed by the ilium, ischium and pubis. The glenoid cavity is the shoulder's socket.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Oculomotor nerve (III)
Why this is the answer
The oculomotor nerve supplies most eye muscles, levator palpebrae and the pupil constrictor. Lesion leaves lateral rectus and superior oblique unopposed, so the eye goes down and out.
C · Oculomotor nerve (III)
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · As bicarbonate ions in plasma
Why this is the answer
About 70% of CO₂ is carried as bicarbonate. Carbonic anhydrase in red cells converts CO₂ and water to carbonic acid, which dissociates into H⁺ and HCO₃⁻.
C · As bicarbonate ions in plasma
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Raised left atrial pressure increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
Why this is the answer
A failing left ventricle backs up pressure into the left atrium and pulmonary veins. High capillary hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid into the lung interstitium and alveoli.
D · Raised left atrial pressure increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · T-A-C-G-G-T
Why this is the answer
Each base is replaced by its partner: A→T, T→A, G→C, C→G. Using U would make an RNA copy, not a DNA strand.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Noncompetitive inhibition
Why this is the answer
A noncompetitive inhibitor binds at another site and distorts the active site, so extra substrate cannot outcompete it. A competitive inhibitor binds the active site itself, and its effect can be overcome by more substrate.
C · Noncompetitive inhibition
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Carbon dioxide
Why this is the answer
Acid + carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide: CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂. Hydrogen forms when acids react with reactive metals instead.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Strong hydrogen bonds between its molecules must be broken
Why this is the answer
Boiling separates molecules from each other. Water's hydrogen bonds need more energy to overcome than the weak forces between similar-sized molecules such as methane.
B · Strong hydrogen bonds between its molecules must be broken
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