1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured, typically after a fall on an outstretched hand?
- AHamate
- BPisiform
- CScaphoid
- DLunate
2.Human anatomyHard
A lesion of the left optic tract causes which visual field defect?
- ABlindness in the left eye only
- BBitemporal hemianopia
- CLeft homonymous hemianopia
- DRight homonymous hemianopia
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which hormone makes the gallbladder contract after a fatty meal?
- AGastrin
- BInsulin
- CSecretin
- DCholecystokinin (CCK)
4.Human physiologyHard
During exercise, blood flow to active skeletal muscle rises greatly. What is the main cause?
- AThe heart pumps blood only to the muscles
- BThe parasympathetic system dilates all arteries
- CSympathetic stimulation constricts the muscle arterioles via alpha receptors
- DLocal metabolites such as CO₂, H⁺, K⁺ and adenosine dilate the arterioles
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which sequence describes the usual flow of genetic information in a cell?
- ADNA to RNA to protein
- BProtein to RNA to DNA
- CDNA to protein to RNA
- DRNA to DNA to protein
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Why do phospholipids arrange themselves into a double layer in water?
- AThey carry a strong positive charge on both ends
- BThey are fully soluble in water
- CTheir heads are hydrophobic and their tails are hydrophilic
- DTheir heads are hydrophilic and their tails are hydrophobic
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
How does atomic radius change going down a group?
- AIt stays the same
- BIt decreases, then increases
- CIt increases
- DIt decreases
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A nurse wipes a patient's arm with an alcohol swab and the patient says the skin feels cold. What explains this?
- AThe alcohol is stored at a much lower temperature than the room
- BThe alcohol blocks the skin's nerve endings for warmth
- CThe alcohol reacts with the skin in an endothermic chemical reaction
- DThe alcohol absorbs heat from the skin as it evaporates
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Scaphoid
Why this is the answer
The scaphoid is the most often fractured carpal bone. Tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox is a key clinical sign.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Right homonymous hemianopia
Why this is the answer
The left optic tract carries fibres from the left half of each retina, which see the right visual field. Its lesion causes loss of the right half of the field in both eyes.
D · Right homonymous hemianopia
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Why this is the answer
Fat and protein in the duodenum release CCK, which contracts the gallbladder and stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion.
D · Cholecystokinin (CCK)
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Local metabolites such as CO₂, H⁺, K⁺ and adenosine dilate the arterioles
Why this is the answer
Active hyperaemia: metabolites produced by working muscle relax arteriolar smooth muscle locally, overriding sympathetic vasoconstriction in that tissue.
D · Local metabolites such as CO₂, H⁺, K⁺ and adenosine dilate the arterioles
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · DNA to RNA to protein
Why this is the answer
Genes in DNA are transcribed into RNA, and mRNA is translated into protein. Retroviruses such as HIV are an exception, as they copy RNA into DNA using reverse transcriptase.
A · DNA to RNA to protein
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Their heads are hydrophilic and their tails are hydrophobic
Why this is the answer
The phosphate heads are attracted to water, while the fatty acid tails avoid it. In water they form a bilayer with the heads facing the watery fluid on both sides and the tails hidden in the middle.
D · Their heads are hydrophilic and their tails are hydrophobic
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · It increases
Why this is the answer
Each step down a group adds another electron shell, so the outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and the atoms get larger.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · The alcohol absorbs heat from the skin as it evaporates
Why this is the answer
Evaporation is endothermic: the alcohol takes the energy it needs to vaporise from the skin, lowering skin temperature. Sweating cools the body in the same way.
D · The alcohol absorbs heat from the skin as it evaporates
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