1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Where does fertilisation most commonly take place?
- ACervix
- BBody of the uterus
- CAmpulla of the uterine tube
- DOvary
2.Human anatomyHard
Which ligament of the knee prevents the tibia from sliding forward relative to the femur?
- APatellar ligament
- BMedial collateral ligament
- CPosterior cruciate ligament
- DAnterior cruciate ligament
3.Human physiologyMedium
Why do myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated ones?
- AMyelin contains more sodium channels
- BMyelin makes the axon thinner
- CThe impulse jumps between nodes of Ranvier
- DMyelin releases neurotransmitter along the axon
4.Human physiologyHard
Which mechanism mainly creates the concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney?
- AThe countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
- BGlomerular filtration
- CADH acting on the descending limb
- DSecretion of urea into the proximal tubule
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
In gel electrophoresis, why does DNA move towards the positive electrode?
- ADNA has a positive charge from the nitrogen bases it contains
- BDNA has a negative charge from its phosphate groups
- CDNA is pulled by gravity through the gel
- DDNA has no charge and moves at random
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Plasmids with an ampicillin-resistance gene are mixed with bacteria, which are then spread on a plate containing ampicillin. Why do only a few colonies grow?
- AThe plasmid kills the bacteria that do not grow
- BAmpicillin makes some bacteria take up the plasmid
- CAll the bacteria die, and the colonies are fungi
- DOnly the bacteria that took up the plasmid can survive
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What are the products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon such as methane?
- ACarbon monoxide and hydrogen
- BOxygen and water
- CCarbon and hydrogen gas
- DCarbon dioxide and water
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
2090 J of heat is added to 50 g of water (specific heat 4.18 J/g·°C). By how much does its temperature rise?
- A20 °C
- B41.8 °C
- C5 °C
- D10 °C
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Ampulla of the uterine tube
Why this is the answer
Fertilisation usually occurs in the ampulla of the uterine (fallopian) tube. The embryo then travels to the uterus to implant.
C · Ampulla of the uterine tube
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Anterior cruciate ligament
Why this is the answer
The anterior cruciate ligament limits anterior translation of the tibia; a positive anterior drawer or Lachman test suggests an ACL tear.
D · Anterior cruciate ligament
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · The impulse jumps between nodes of Ranvier
Why this is the answer
Myelin insulates the axon, so action potentials are only generated at the nodes of Ranvier. This saltatory conduction is much faster.
C · The impulse jumps between nodes of Ranvier
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
Why this is the answer
The ascending limb actively transports NaCl into the interstitium without letting water follow, and the countercurrent flow multiplies this into a steep gradient that ADH then uses to concentrate urine.
A · The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · DNA has a negative charge from its phosphate groups
Why this is the answer
The phosphate groups in the DNA backbone are negatively charged, so DNA moves towards the positive electrode. Small fragments move through the gel more easily than large ones.
B · DNA has a negative charge from its phosphate groups
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Only the bacteria that took up the plasmid can survive
Why this is the answer
Only a small fraction of bacteria take up the plasmid. The antibiotic kills all those without it, so the colonies that grow are the transformed bacteria. This is how scientists select cells carrying a new gene.
D · Only the bacteria that took up the plasmid can survive
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Carbon dioxide and water
Why this is the answer
CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O. With too little oxygen, incomplete combustion also forms carbon monoxide and soot.
D · Carbon dioxide and water
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 10 °C
Why this is the answer
ΔT = q ÷ (m × c) = 2090 ÷ (50 × 4.18) = 2090 ÷ 209 = 10 °C.
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