1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which part of the stomach connects to the duodenum?
- APylorus
- BBody
- CFundus
- DCardia
2.Human anatomyHard
After axillary lymph node surgery, a patient's scapula sticks out from the chest wall when pushing against a wall. Which nerve has been damaged?
- ALong thoracic nerve
- BThoracodorsal nerve
- CSuprascapular nerve
- DAxillary nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
During which phase of the cardiac cycle are all four heart valves closed while ventricular pressure rises?
- AIsovolumetric contraction
- BRapid filling
- CRapid ejection
- DAtrial systole
4.Human physiologyHard
In a patient with primary hypothyroidism, you would expect:
- AHigh TSH and high free T4
- BLow TSH and high free T4
- CLow TSH and low free T4
- DHigh TSH and low free T4
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
To insert a human gene into a bacterial plasmid, scientists cut both the gene and the plasmid with the same restriction enzyme. Why?
- ASo both pieces become exactly the same length
- BSo the gene is turned into RNA
- CSo the cut ends match and can join together
- DSo the plasmid loses all its genes
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
An mRNA reads AUG-UUU-GGC-UAA. How many amino acids are in the protein made from it?
- A4
- B2
- C12
- D3
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
How does atomic radius change going down a group?
- AIt stays the same
- BIt decreases
- CIt decreases, then increases
- DIt increases
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
In the reaction 2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl, which substance is the oxidising agent?
- ANa⁺
- BNa
- CNaCl
- DCl₂
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Pylorus
Why this is the answer
The pylorus is the distal stomach. Its pyloric sphincter regulates the passage of chyme into the duodenum.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Long thoracic nerve
Why this is the answer
The long thoracic nerve supplies serratus anterior, which holds the scapula against the chest wall. Damage causes a winged scapula.
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Isovolumetric contraction
Why this is the answer
After the AV valves close, the ventricles contract against closed semilunar valves. Pressure rises with no volume change until the aortic and pulmonary valves open.
A · Isovolumetric contraction
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · High TSH and low free T4
Why this is the answer
When the thyroid fails, low T4 removes negative feedback and the pituitary raises TSH. Low TSH with low T4 would point to secondary (pituitary) hypothyroidism.
D · High TSH and low free T4
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · So the cut ends match and can join together
Why this is the answer
The same enzyme leaves matching sticky ends on the gene and the plasmid. These ends pair by complementary bases, and DNA ligase seals them, making recombinant DNA.
C · So the cut ends match and can join together
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 3
Why this is the answer
AUG (methionine), UUU and GGC each code for an amino acid, but UAA is a stop codon. Translation ends there, so the chain has 3 amino acids.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · It increases
Why this is the answer
Each step down a group adds another electron shell, so the outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and the atoms get larger.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Cl₂
Why this is the answer
Chlorine gains electrons from sodium (Cl₂ → 2Cl⁻), so it is reduced and acts as the oxidising agent. Sodium loses electrons, is oxidised and is the reducing agent.
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