1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of which two veins?
- AInferior vena cava and renal vein
- BSuperior mesenteric vein and left renal vein
- CHepatic vein and splenic vein
- DSuperior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
2.Human anatomyHard
In the fetus, the ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta. What does it become after birth?
- ALigamentum teres
- BFossa ovalis
- CLigamentum venosum
- DLigamentum arteriosum
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which hormonal event triggers ovulation?
- AA fall in oestrogen
- BA surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
- CA surge of prolactin
- DA rise in progesterone from the corpus luteum
4.Human physiologyHard
After several days of persistent vomiting of stomach contents, which acid–base disturbance is most likely?
- AMetabolic acidosis
- BRespiratory alkalosis
- CRespiratory acidosis
- DMetabolic alkalosis
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
- AA nucleus
- BMitochondria
- CThe endoplasmic reticulum
- DRibosomes
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Two parents are both AaBbCc, and the three genes assort independently. What is the probability that a child is aabbcc?
- A1/64
- B1/8
- C1/16
- D3/64
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Drops of water form on the outside of a glass of ice water. Where does this water come from?
- AWater vapour in the air condenses on the cold glass
- BThe ice evaporates through the glass
- CThe glass releases water when it gets cold
- DWater leaks through tiny holes in the glass
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
What is a triglyceride made of?
- AOne fatty acid joined to three glycerol molecules
- BThree amino acids joined by peptide bonds
- COne glycerol molecule joined to three fatty acids
- DThree glucose molecules joined together
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
Why this is the answer
The portal vein forms behind the neck of the pancreas from the superior mesenteric and splenic veins. It carries nutrient-rich blood to the liver.
D · Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Ligamentum arteriosum
Why this is the answer
The ductus arteriosus closes after birth and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. The foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovalis and the ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum.
D · Ligamentum arteriosum
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · A surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
Why this is the answer
Rising oestrogen from the dominant follicle triggers an LH surge from the anterior pituitary, which causes ovulation about a day later.
B · A surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Metabolic alkalosis
Why this is the answer
Vomiting removes HCl, and the stomach's acid secretion leaves bicarbonate in the blood. Volume loss and low potassium help keep the alkalosis going.
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Ribosomes
Why this is the answer
All cells have ribosomes, a cell membrane, cytoplasm and DNA. Membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus and mitochondria are found only in eukaryotes.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 1/64
Why this is the answer
For each gene, Aa × Aa gives aa with a probability of 1/4. For three independent genes: 1/4 × 1/4 × 1/4 = 1/64.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Water vapour in the air condenses on the cold glass
Why this is the answer
Water vapour in the air touching the cold glass cools, loses energy and condenses into liquid droplets. Dew forms on grass the same way.
A · Water vapour in the air condenses on the cold glass
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · One glycerol molecule joined to three fatty acids
Why this is the answer
A triglyceride, the main form of fat stored in the body, forms when three fatty acids each bond to one of glycerol's three –OH groups by condensation, releasing three water molecules.
C · One glycerol molecule joined to three fatty acids
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