1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which artery supplies most of the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the front of the interventricular septum?
- ARight coronary artery
- BCircumflex artery
- CPosterior descending artery
- DLeft anterior descending artery
2.Human anatomyHard
A blow to the side of the head at the pterion causes an extradural haematoma. Which vessel is usually torn?
- AMiddle cerebral artery
- BBridging cerebral veins
- CMiddle meningeal artery
- DSuperficial temporal artery
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is the main function of pulmonary surfactant?
- ATo carry oxygen across the alveolar wall
- BTo trap dust in the bronchi
- CTo reduce surface tension in the alveoli
- DTo kill bacteria in the airways
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does a deep sea diver risk decompression sickness when surfacing quickly?
- AOxygen becomes toxic at the surface
- BThe lungs collapse when the pressure falls
- CCarbon dioxide cannot leave the lungs fast enough
- DNitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What happens when a ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA?
- ATranslation ends and the protein is released
- BThe mRNA is copied back into DNA
- CA special amino acid is added to end the chain
- DThe ribosome goes back to the start codon
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
To find out how much adults in a city exercise, a researcher surveys only people leaving a gym. What is the main problem?
- ASurveys can never be used in science
- BThe sample is biased towards active people
- CThe researcher has no dependent variable
- DThe sample is too random to be useful
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
In a reaction at equilibrium, a product is continuously removed. What happens?
- AThe equilibrium shifts to the left to form more reactants
- BThe reaction rate drops to zero
- CMore product keeps forming as the equilibrium shifts to the right
- DThe reactants run out immediately
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Alkanes follow the general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂. What is the formula of the alkane with 4 carbon atoms?
- AC₄H₈
- BC₄H₁₂
- CC₄H₆
- DC₄H₁₀
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Left anterior descending artery
Why this is the answer
The left anterior descending (anterior interventricular) artery supplies the anterior left ventricle and the anterior two thirds of the septum. Its blockage causes an anterior infarct.
D · Left anterior descending artery
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Middle meningeal artery
Why this is the answer
The middle meningeal artery lies under the pterion, where the skull is thin. Its rupture bleeds between bone and dura. Bridging veins cause subdural haematomas.
C · Middle meningeal artery
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · To reduce surface tension in the alveoli
Why this is the answer
Surfactant, made by type II alveolar cells, lowers surface tension so alveoli do not collapse and the lungs are easier to inflate.
C · To reduce surface tension in the alveoli
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
Why this is the answer
At depth more nitrogen dissolves in the tissues. If pressure falls too fast it comes out of solution as bubbles in tissues and blood, causing "the bends".
D · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Translation ends and the protein is released
Why this is the answer
Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) do not code for any amino acid. A release factor binds instead, the finished polypeptide is released and the ribosome subunits separate.
A · Translation ends and the protein is released
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · The sample is biased towards active people
Why this is the answer
Gym-goers exercise more than the average adult, so the sample overestimates exercise. A random sample of the whole population would be better.
B · The sample is biased towards active people
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · More product keeps forming as the equilibrium shifts to the right
Why this is the answer
Removing product lowers its concentration, so the system shifts forward (to the right) to replace it. Industry uses this to raise yields.
C · More product keeps forming as the equilibrium shifts to the right
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · C₄H₁₀
Why this is the answer
For n = 4: H = 2(4) + 2 = 10, so the formula is C₄H₁₀ (butane). C₄H₈ fits CₙH₂ₙ, the alkene formula.
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