1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which bone of the skull contains the foramen magnum?
- ASphenoid bone
- BParietal bone
- CTemporal bone
- DOccipital bone
2.Human anatomyHard
A stab wound cuts the left half of the spinal cord at T10. Which pattern of loss is expected below the lesion?
- ALeft-sided weakness and loss of proprioception, right-sided loss of pain and temperature
- BLoss of all sensation and movement on the left only
- CRight-sided weakness and loss of proprioception, left-sided loss of pain and temperature
- DLoss of pain and temperature on both sides only
3.Human physiologyMedium
Low plasma albumin, as in severe liver disease, causes oedema mainly because:
- APlasma oncotic pressure falls
- BThe capillaries become impermeable
- CLymphatic drainage increases
- DCapillary hydrostatic pressure falls
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does a deep sea diver risk decompression sickness when surfacing quickly?
- ANitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
- BThe lungs collapse when the pressure falls
- CCarbon dioxide cannot leave the lungs fast enough
- DOxygen becomes toxic at the surface
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Where does the oxygen released by photosynthesis come from?
- AFrom water molecules that are split
- BFrom chlorophyll that is used up
- CFrom carbon dioxide molecules that are split
- DFrom glucose that is broken down
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A DNA template strand reads 3'-TACGGA-5'. What is the mRNA made from it?
- A5'-AUGCCU-3'
- B5'-UACGGA-3'
- C5'-ATGCCT-3'
- D5'-TACGGA-3'
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Uranium-235 and uranium-238 both have 92 protons. How many more neutrons does an atom of uranium-238 have?
- A146
- B0
- C92
- D3
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A solution has a hydroxide ion concentration of 1 × 10⁻³ mol/L. What is its pH at 25 °C?
- A3
- B7
- C11
- D14
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Occipital bone
Why this is the answer
The foramen magnum is a large opening in the occipital bone through which the medulla oblongata continues as the spinal cord.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Left-sided weakness and loss of proprioception, right-sided loss of pain and temperature
Why this is the answer
In Brown-Séquard syndrome the corticospinal tract and dorsal columns are lost on the same side, while the spinothalamic tract, which crosses near entry, causes contralateral pain and temperature loss.
A · Left-sided weakness and loss of proprioception, right-sided loss of pain and temperature
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Plasma oncotic pressure falls
Why this is the answer
Albumin generates most of the plasma oncotic pressure that pulls fluid back into capillaries. When it falls, more fluid stays in the tissues.
A · Plasma oncotic pressure falls
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
Why this is the answer
At depth more nitrogen dissolves in the tissues. If pressure falls too fast it comes out of solution as bubbles in tissues and blood, causing "the bends".
A · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · From water molecules that are split
Why this is the answer
In the light-dependent reactions, water is split to replace electrons lost by chlorophyll, and oxygen is released. The carbon atoms from CO₂ end up in sugar.
A · From water molecules that are split
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 5'-AUGCCU-3'
Why this is the answer
The mRNA is complementary and antiparallel to the template: T→A, A→U, C→G, G→C, giving AUG CCU. The start codon AUG codes for methionine.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 3
Why this is the answer
Both isotopes have 92 protons, so the 3-unit difference in mass number is all neutrons: U-235 has 143 and U-238 has 146.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 11
Why this is the answer
pOH = −log(10⁻³) = 3, so pH = 14 − 3 = 11. Answering 3 confuses pOH with pH.
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