1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The rotator cuff consists of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and which other muscle?
- ATeres major
- BSubscapularis
- CDeltoid
- DLatissimus dorsi
2.Human anatomyHard
After an injury at the medial epicondyle of the elbow, a patient has numbness of the little finger and weakness of finger abduction. Which nerve is affected?
- AMusculocutaneous nerve
- BMedian nerve
- CUlnar nerve
- DRadial nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is the main stimulus for breathing in a healthy person?
- AA fall in arterial O₂
- BA rise in arterial CO₂
- CA rise in blood glucose
- DA fall in blood pH caused by lactate only
4.Human physiologyHard
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis breathes deeply and rapidly. What pattern is expected on the blood gas?
- ALow pH, high bicarbonate and high PaCO₂
- BLow pH, normal bicarbonate and high PaCO₂
- CHigh pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂
- DLow pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
A red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, and all offspring have pink flowers. What does this show?
- ACodominance
- BIncomplete dominance
- CA sex-linked trait
- DComplete dominance
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A patient is given a large volume of hypotonic IV fluid too quickly. What is the most likely effect on the patient's cells?
- AWater moves out of the cells, and they shrink
- BSalt moves into the cells, and they burst
- CWater moves into the cells, and they swell
- DNothing changes, because cells are not affected by IV fluid
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
A student tests how temperature affects the rate of a reaction. What is the independent variable?
- AThe temperature
- BThe type of beaker used
- CThe reaction rate
- DThe volume of acid, which is kept the same
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A reaction takes in 50 kJ of energy from the surroundings. Which statement is true?
- ANo energy change happened, because energy is conserved
- BIt is endothermic, and the products have less energy than the reactants
- CIt is endothermic, and the products have more energy than the reactants
- DIt is exothermic, and the products have less energy than the reactants
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Subscapularis
Why this is the answer
SITS: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis. Teres major is close by but is not part of the cuff.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Ulnar nerve
Why this is the answer
The ulnar nerve passes behind the medial epicondyle. It supplies most intrinsic hand muscles, including the interossei, and the skin of the little finger.
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · A rise in arterial CO₂
Why this is the answer
Central chemoreceptors respond to CO₂ (through the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid). Low O₂ adds strongly to the drive only when PaO₂ falls well below normal, for example at high altitude.
B · A rise in arterial CO₂
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Low pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂
Why this is the answer
Ketoacids consume bicarbonate, causing metabolic acidosis. Kussmaul breathing lowers PaCO₂ as respiratory compensation.
D · Low pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Incomplete dominance
Why this is the answer
In incomplete dominance the heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype. In codominance both traits would show fully, for example red and white patches.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Water moves into the cells, and they swell
Why this is the answer
When the fluid around cells becomes hypotonic, water moves into the cells by osmosis and they swell. In the brain this can be dangerous, which is why hypotonic fluids are given with care.
C · Water moves into the cells, and they swell
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · The temperature
Why this is the answer
The independent variable is the one deliberately changed (temperature). The dependent variable is what is measured (rate). Variables kept the same, such as acid volume, are controlled variables.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · It is endothermic, and the products have more energy than the reactants
Why this is the answer
Energy taken in is stored in the products, so they are higher in energy: an endothermic reaction with a positive ΔH (+50 kJ).
C · It is endothermic, and the products have more energy than the reactants
This is independent practice material. ExamProblems is not affiliated with or endorsed by the organisation that runs this exam, and the exam name is used only to describe the content. ATI TEAS is a trademark of Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC (ATI), which is not affiliated with ExamProblems and does not endorse it or vouch for its accuracy.