1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which cranial nerve supplies the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles?
- AAccessory nerve (XI)
- BHypoglossal nerve (XII)
- CFacial nerve (VII)
- DVagus nerve (X)
2.Human anatomyHard
An ECG shows an infarct in leads II, III and aVF (inferior wall). Which coronary artery is most commonly blocked?
- AFirst diagonal branch
- BRight coronary artery
- CLeft main coronary artery
- DLeft anterior descending artery
3.Human physiologyMedium
Why do myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated ones?
- AMyelin contains more sodium channels
- BMyelin makes the axon thinner
- CThe impulse jumps between nodes of Ranvier
- DMyelin releases neurotransmitter along the axon
4.Human physiologyHard
Which mechanism mainly creates the concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney?
- AGlomerular filtration
- BSecretion of urea into the proximal tubule
- CThe countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
- DADH acting on the descending limb
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What do starch, glycogen and cellulose have in common?
- AThey are nucleic acids that store hereditary information
- BThey are lipids that store energy
- CThey are polysaccharides made of glucose units
- DThey are proteins made of amino acids
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A diploid cell contains 10 units of DNA in G1. How many units are in each cell at the end of meiosis II?
- A10 units
- B2.5 units
- C20 units
- D5 units
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
How many moles of gas are in 44.8 L at STP (0 °C and 1 atm)?
- A0.5 mol
- B22.4 mol
- C2 mol
- D44.8 mol
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A compound has the empirical formula CH₂ and a molar mass of 42 g/mol (C = 12, H = 1). What is its molecular formula?
- ACH₂
- BC₃H₆
- CC₂H₄
- DC₄H₈
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Accessory nerve (XI)
Why this is the answer
The accessory nerve (XI) supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. Damage weakens head turning and shoulder shrugging.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Right coronary artery
Why this is the answer
The inferior wall is usually supplied by the right coronary artery through the posterior descending artery (right-dominant circulation), so inferior infarcts are mostly RCA occlusions.
B · Right coronary artery
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · The impulse jumps between nodes of Ranvier
Why this is the answer
Myelin insulates the axon, so action potentials are only generated at the nodes of Ranvier. This saltatory conduction is much faster.
C · The impulse jumps between nodes of Ranvier
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
Why this is the answer
The ascending limb actively transports NaCl into the interstitium without letting water follow, and the countercurrent flow multiplies this into a steep gradient that ADH then uses to concentrate urine.
C · The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · They are polysaccharides made of glucose units
Why this is the answer
All three are glucose polymers: starch stores energy in plants, glycogen in animals, and cellulose forms plant cell walls.
C · They are polysaccharides made of glucose units
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 5 units
Why this is the answer
After S phase the cell has 20 units. Meiosis I divides it into two cells of 10 units, and meiosis II into four cells of 5 units each, half the G1 amount, which matches the haploid state.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 2 mol
Why this is the answer
At STP, 1 mol occupies 22.4 L, so 44.8 L ÷ 22.4 L/mol = 2 mol.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · C₃H₆
Why this is the answer
CH₂ has a mass of 14 g/mol, and 42 ÷ 14 = 3. Multiplying every subscript by 3 gives C₃H₆.
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