1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which is the largest nerve in the human body?
- AVagus nerve
- BMedian nerve
- CFemoral nerve
- DSciatic nerve
2.Human anatomyHard
Which structure passes through the inguinal canal in males?
- AGreat saphenous vein
- BFemoral artery
- CSpermatic cord
- DObturator nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
Where is the heart's natural pacemaker?
- ASinoatrial node
- BBundle of His
- CPurkinje fibres
- DAtrioventricular node
4.Human physiologyHard
Which substance's clearance is used as the gold standard to measure glomerular filtration rate?
- AUrea
- BCreatinine
- CInulin
- DGlucose
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which statement about identical and non-identical twins is correct?
- AIdentical twins come from two eggs that are fertilised by a single sperm
- BBoth kinds of twin always share all of their genes
- CNon-identical twins come from one zygote that splits in two
- DIdentical twins come from one zygote; non-identical twins come from two
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Why is ATP described as an energy carrier rather than a long-term energy store?
- ACells hold only a little and constantly recycle it from ADP
- BATP contains no energy in its bonds, so it cannot be stored
- CATP can be made only in plants
- DATP is stored in large amounts in fat tissue
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Why does oxygen move from the alveoli of the lungs into the blood?
- AOxygen is pumped actively into the blood
- BThe partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the alveoli than in the blood
- COxygen is heavier than carbon dioxide
- DThe partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the blood than in the alveoli
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
What is (8 × 10⁶) ÷ (2 × 10⁻²)?
- A4 × 10⁸
- B4 × 10⁴
- C16 × 10⁴
- D4 × 10⁻¹²
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Sciatic nerve
Why this is the answer
The sciatic nerve (L4–S3) leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen and supplies the hamstrings and all the muscles below the knee. Skin on the inner side of the leg is supplied by the saphenous nerve instead.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Spermatic cord
Why this is the answer
The inguinal canal carries the spermatic cord in males and the round ligament in females. The femoral vessels pass below the inguinal ligament instead.
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Sinoatrial node
Why this is the answer
The SA node depolarises spontaneously at the fastest rate and sets the heart rhythm. The AV node delays the impulse before it spreads to the ventricles.
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Inulin
Why this is the answer
Inulin is filtered freely and is not reabsorbed or secreted, so its clearance equals GFR exactly. Creatinine is slightly secreted, so it overestimates GFR a little.
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Identical twins come from one zygote; non-identical twins come from two
Why this is the answer
Identical twins form when one zygote splits, so they share the same genes. Non-identical (fraternal) twins come from two eggs fertilised by two different sperm, so they are as alike as ordinary siblings.
D · Identical twins come from one zygote; non-identical twins come from two
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Cells hold only a little and constantly recycle it from ADP
Why this is the answer
Cells keep only a small amount of ATP and remake it all the time from ADP and phosphate using energy from respiration. Long-term energy is stored as glycogen and fat.
A · Cells hold only a little and constantly recycle it from ADP
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · The partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the alveoli than in the blood
Why this is the answer
Each gas diffuses down its own partial pressure gradient. Alveolar air has a higher oxygen partial pressure than blood arriving at the lungs, so O₂ diffuses in, while CO₂ diffuses the other way.
B · The partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the alveoli than in the blood
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 4 × 10⁸
Why this is the answer
8 ÷ 2 = 4, and 10⁶ ÷ 10⁻² = 10⁶⁻⁽⁻²⁾ = 10⁸. So the answer is 4 × 10⁸. Subtracting a negative exponent adds to it.
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