1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which part of the brain is chiefly responsible for coordination and balance?
- AThalamus
- BMedulla oblongata
- CCerebellum
- DHypothalamus
2.Human anatomyHard
After axillary lymph node surgery, a patient's scapula sticks out from the chest wall when pushing against a wall. Which nerve has been damaged?
- ASuprascapular nerve
- BLong thoracic nerve
- CThoracodorsal nerve
- DAxillary nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
During contraction of a skeletal muscle sarcomere, which band stays the same length?
- AI band
- BH zone
- CThe whole sarcomere
- DA band
4.Human physiologyHard
In primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease), which combination is expected?
- AHigh sodium, high potassium and high ACTH
- BHigh sodium, low potassium and low ACTH
- CLow sodium, low potassium and low ACTH
- DLow sodium, high potassium and high ACTH
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is the role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?
- AIt stores the cell's genetic information
- BIt carries glucose molecules across the membrane into the cell
- CIt keeps membrane fluidity stable as temperature changes
- DIt forms a rigid wall around the cell
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A dihybrid cross gives offspring in a ratio of about 9 : 3 : 3 : 1. What does this suggest?
- ABoth parents are homozygous dominant for both genes
- BBoth parents are heterozygous for two genes that assort independently
- COne parent is AaBb and the other is homozygous aabb
- DThe two genes are tightly linked on the same chromosome
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What feature makes a hydrocarbon an alkene?
- AAt least one carbon–carbon double bond
- BAn –OH group
- COnly carbon–carbon single bonds
- DA ring of six carbon atoms with no hydrogen
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Ammonia (NH₃) has three bonding pairs and one lone pair on nitrogen. What is its shape?
- ATrigonal pyramidal
- BFlat triangle (trigonal planar)
- CTetrahedral
- DLinear
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Cerebellum
Why this is the answer
The cerebellum fine-tunes movement, posture and balance. Damage causes ataxia and an unsteady gait.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Long thoracic nerve
Why this is the answer
The long thoracic nerve supplies serratus anterior, which holds the scapula against the chest wall. Damage causes a winged scapula.
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · A band
Why this is the answer
In the sliding filament model, filaments slide past each other without shortening. The A band (myosin length) stays the same while the I band and H zone shorten.
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Low sodium, high potassium and high ACTH
Why this is the answer
Loss of aldosterone causes sodium loss and potassium retention. Low cortisol removes negative feedback, so ACTH rises and can cause skin pigmentation.
D · Low sodium, high potassium and high ACTH
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · It keeps membrane fluidity stable as temperature changes
Why this is the answer
Cholesterol molecules between the phospholipids stop the membrane from becoming too fluid when warm or too stiff when cold. Plant cells use a cell wall for rigidity instead.
C · It keeps membrane fluidity stable as temperature changes
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Both parents are heterozygous for two genes that assort independently
Why this is the answer
AaBb × AaBb with unlinked genes gives 9 A_B_ : 3 A_bb : 3 aaB_ : 1 aabb. Linked genes or other parent genotypes give different ratios.
B · Both parents are heterozygous for two genes that assort independently
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · At least one carbon–carbon double bond
Why this is the answer
Alkenes contain at least one C=C double bond, which makes them unsaturated and more reactive than alkanes. Their general formula is CₙH₂ₙ.
A · At least one carbon–carbon double bond
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Trigonal pyramidal
Why this is the answer
The four electron pairs point roughly tetrahedrally, but shape is described by the atoms only. With one corner taken by a lone pair, the N and three H atoms form a pyramid.
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