1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which is the largest nerve in the human body?
- AFemoral nerve
- BSciatic nerve
- CMedian nerve
- DVagus nerve
2.Human anatomyHard
A patient has a drooping eyelid, a dilated pupil and an eye that rests "down and out". Which nerve is most likely damaged?
- ATrochlear nerve (IV)
- BOptic nerve (II)
- CAbducens nerve (VI)
- DOculomotor nerve (III)
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is the main stimulus for breathing in a healthy person?
- AA fall in arterial O₂
- BA rise in arterial CO₂
- CA fall in blood pH caused by lactate only
- DA rise in blood glucose
4.Human physiologyHard
Which transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is key to building the medullary concentration gradient?
- AThe epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)
- BAquaporin-2 water channels
- CThe sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT2)
- DThe Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2)
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which type of graph is best for comparing the number of patients with each ABO blood type?
- AA bar graph
- BA line graph
- CA histogram
- DA scatter plot
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
An mRNA codon reads AUG. What is the anticodon on the matching tRNA?
- AAUG
- BUAC
- CGUA
- DTAC
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is the percent by mass of salt in a solution made from 15 g of salt and 135 g of water?
- A10%
- B90%
- C15%
- D11%
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Which equation is correctly balanced?
- ANa + Cl → NaCl₂
- B2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl
- C2Na + Cl₂ → NaCl₂
- DNa + Cl₂ → NaCl
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Sciatic nerve
Why this is the answer
The sciatic nerve (L4–S3) leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen and supplies the hamstrings and all the muscles below the knee. Skin on the inner side of the leg is supplied by the saphenous nerve instead.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Oculomotor nerve (III)
Why this is the answer
The oculomotor nerve supplies most eye muscles, levator palpebrae and the pupil constrictor. Lesion leaves lateral rectus and superior oblique unopposed, so the eye goes down and out.
D · Oculomotor nerve (III)
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · A rise in arterial CO₂
Why this is the answer
Central chemoreceptors respond to CO₂ (through the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid). Low O₂ adds strongly to the drive only when PaO₂ falls well below normal, for example at high altitude.
B · A rise in arterial CO₂
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · The Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2)
Why this is the answer
NKCC2 moves Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl⁻ out of the tubule into the interstitium without water, building the medullary gradient. Loop diuretics such as furosemide block it.
D · The Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2)
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · A bar graph
Why this is the answer
Bar graphs compare amounts across separate categories. Line graphs show change over a continuous variable such as time, and scatter plots show the relationship between two measured variables.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · UAC
Why this is the answer
The anticodon is complementary to the codon: A–U, U–A, G–C, giving UAC. RNA contains U, not T.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 10%
Why this is the answer
The solution has 15 + 135 = 150 g, so the salt is 15/150 × 100 = 10%. Dividing by the water alone gives 11%.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · 2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl
Why this is the answer
2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl has 2 Na and 2 Cl on each side. Writing NaCl₂ changes the formula of the product, which is not allowed.
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