1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which structure produces most of the cerebrospinal fluid?
- APia mater
- BPineal gland
- CChoroid plexus
- DArachnoid granulations
2.Human anatomyHard
A typical posterolateral disc herniation between L4 and L5 most often compresses which nerve root?
- AS1
- BL3
- CL4
- DL5
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which protein forms the mesh that stabilises a blood clot?
- AAlbumin
- BThrombin
- CCollagen
- DFibrin
4.Human physiologyHard
Which transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is key to building the medullary concentration gradient?
- AThe Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2)
- BThe sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT2)
- CAquaporin-2 water channels
- DThe epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which body system works with the respiratory system to deliver oxygen to body cells?
- AThe urinary system
- BThe circulatory system
- CThe skeletal system
- DThe digestive system
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A study finds that towns with more ice-cream sales also have more drownings. What is the best conclusion?
- AThey are correlated, perhaps because both rise in hot weather
- BThe data must be wrong, because such a link makes no sense at all
- CEating ice cream causes people to drown
- DDrowning causes people to buy ice cream
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
How does a higher temperature usually affect how much of a solid dissolves in water?
- AThe solid turns into a gas
- BMore solid dissolves
- CLess solid dissolves
- DIt has no effect on solids
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
How does soap help remove grease from skin?
- ASoap molecules are completely nonpolar, so they dissolve grease like a solvent
- BEach soap molecule has a polar end that attracts water and a nonpolar end that attracts grease
- CSoap makes the grease more dense so it sinks
- DSoap reacts with grease to form water and carbon dioxide
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Choroid plexus
Why this is the answer
The choroid plexus in the ventricles secretes most CSF. CSF is reabsorbed into venous blood through the arachnoid granulations.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · L5
Why this is the answer
A posterolateral L4–L5 herniation usually catches the traversing L5 root, causing weakness of big toe extension and numbness on the top of the foot.
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Fibrin
Why this is the answer
Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin strands, which bind the platelet plug and trap red cells to form a stable clot.
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · The Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2)
Why this is the answer
NKCC2 moves Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl⁻ out of the tubule into the interstitium without water, building the medullary gradient. Loop diuretics such as furosemide block it.
A · The Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2)
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · The circulatory system
Why this is the answer
The lungs load oxygen into the blood, and the heart and blood vessels of the circulatory system carry it to the cells. The same systems bring carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
B · The circulatory system
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · They are correlated, perhaps because both rise in hot weather
Why this is the answer
Correlation does not prove causation. A hidden variable, warm weather, increases both ice-cream sales and swimming.
A · They are correlated, perhaps because both rise in hot weather
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · More solid dissolves
Why this is the answer
For most solids, solubility increases with temperature. Gases behave the other way: they are less soluble in warm water.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Each soap molecule has a polar end that attracts water and a nonpolar end that attracts grease
Why this is the answer
Soap's nonpolar hydrocarbon tail dissolves in grease, while its charged (polar) head stays in water. The grease is wrapped in tiny clusters (micelles) and rinsed away.
B · Each soap molecule has a polar end that attracts water and a nonpolar end that attracts grease
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