1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which of these organs is retroperitoneal?
- ASpleen
- BStomach
- CTransverse colon
- DKidney
2.Human anatomyHard
A blow to the side of the head at the pterion causes an extradural haematoma. Which vessel is usually torn?
- ASuperficial temporal artery
- BBridging cerebral veins
- CMiddle cerebral artery
- DMiddle meningeal artery
3.Human physiologyMedium
During contraction of a skeletal muscle sarcomere, which band stays the same length?
- AI band
- BA band
- CThe whole sarcomere
- DH zone
4.Human physiologyHard
Which change shifts the oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?
- ALower 2,3-BPG
- BHigher pH
- CHigher temperature
- DLower CO₂
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Nerve cells release chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) stored in vesicles. By which process are they released?
- AEndocytosis
- BExocytosis
- CPhagocytosis
- DOsmosis
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A student gives fertiliser to 2 tomato plants and none to 2 others. The fertilised plants grow taller. What is the main weakness of the conclusion that fertiliser increases growth?
- AThe sample size is too small to rule out chance
- BFertiliser should have been given to all four plants
- CThere was no independent variable
- DHeight cannot be measured accurately
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
When two monomers join to form a larger molecule and a water molecule is released, what is the reaction called?
- ANeutralisation
- BHydrolysis (splitting with water)
- CCondensation (dehydration synthesis)
- DCombustion
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
In the reaction CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O, which substance is reduced?
- ACopper, because it loses electrons
- BCopper oxide, because copper gains electrons
- CHydrogen, because it gains oxygen
- DWater, because it is formed
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Kidney
Why this is the answer
The kidneys lie behind the parietal peritoneum. The stomach, spleen and transverse colon are intraperitoneal and have a mesentery or ligaments.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Middle meningeal artery
Why this is the answer
The middle meningeal artery lies under the pterion, where the skull is thin. Its rupture bleeds between bone and dura. Bridging veins cause subdural haematomas.
D · Middle meningeal artery
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · A band
Why this is the answer
In the sliding filament model, filaments slide past each other without shortening. The A band (myosin length) stays the same while the I band and H zone shorten.
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Higher temperature
Why this is the answer
Higher temperature, CO₂, H⁺ (lower pH) and 2,3-BPG lower haemoglobin's affinity and shift the curve right, releasing more oxygen to active tissues.
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Exocytosis
Why this is the answer
In exocytosis, vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents outside the cell. Endocytosis and phagocytosis take material in, and osmosis is the movement of water.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · The sample size is too small to rule out chance
Why this is the answer
With only two plants per group, natural differences between plants could explain the result. More plants and repeats would make the conclusion more reliable.
A · The sample size is too small to rule out chance
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Condensation (dehydration synthesis)
Why this is the answer
In condensation (dehydration synthesis), an –H from one monomer and an –OH from the other leave as water, forming a new bond. This is how proteins, starch and fats are built.
C · Condensation (dehydration synthesis)
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Copper oxide, because copper gains electrons
Why this is the answer
Cu²⁺ in CuO gains electrons to become Cu metal, so copper(II) oxide is reduced. Hydrogen gains oxygen and is oxidised.
B · Copper oxide, because copper gains electrons
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