1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured, typically after a fall on an outstretched hand?
- APisiform
- BLunate
- CHamate
- DScaphoid
2.Human anatomyHard
After a stroke, a patient speaks fluently but uses meaningless words and cannot understand speech. Where is the lesion most likely to be?
- APosterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
- BPrecentral gyrus of the non-dominant hemisphere
- CInferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
- DCerebellar hemisphere
3.Human physiologyMedium
Vital capacity is the sum of which lung volumes?
- AResidual volume and expiratory reserve volume
- BInspiratory reserve volume and residual volume
- CTidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
- DTidal volume and residual volume
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does a person with a high spinal cord injury above T1 risk low blood pressure?
- AThe vagus nerve is cut, so the heart rate rises
- BThe sympathetic outflow to the vessels and heart is cut off
- CThe phrenic nerve can no longer control the tone of the arteries
- DRenin release from the kidney stops completely
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Drugs against fungal infections often cause more side effects than drugs against bacteria. Why?
- AFungal cells are eukaryotic, like human cells
- BFungi reproduce only by binary fission
- CFungi are much smaller than bacteria
- DFungi have no cell membrane for drugs to act on
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Haemophilia is X-linked recessive. A carrier mother (XᴴXʰ) and an unaffected father (XᴴY) have a son. What is the probability that he has haemophilia?
- A1/2
- B0
- C1/4
- D1
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
In the reaction Zn + Cu²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Cu, which species loses electrons?
- AZn
- BCu²⁺
- CZn²⁺
- DCu
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
What is the formula of iron(III) chloride?
- AFeCl₃
- BFeCl₂
- CFe₂Cl₃
- DFe₃Cl
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Scaphoid
Why this is the answer
The scaphoid is the most often fractured carpal bone. Tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox is a key clinical sign.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
Why this is the answer
This is Wernicke's (receptive) aphasia, caused by damage to Wernicke's area in the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Broca's area in the inferior frontal gyrus causes non-fluent aphasia.
A · Posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
Why this is the answer
Vital capacity = IRV + TV + ERV. It excludes the residual volume, which always stays in the lungs.
C · Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · The sympathetic outflow to the vessels and heart is cut off
Why this is the answer
Sympathetic outflow leaves the cord at T1–L2. A lesion above it removes vasomotor tone and cardiac sympathetic drive while the vagus still works, causing hypotension and bradycardia (neurogenic shock).
B · The sympathetic outflow to the vessels and heart is cut off
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Fungal cells are eukaryotic, like human cells
Why this is the answer
Fungal and human cells share many features, such as a nucleus and similar ribosomes. Fewer targets are unique to fungi, so antifungal drugs are more likely to affect human cells too.
A · Fungal cells are eukaryotic, like human cells
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 1/2
Why this is the answer
The son receives Y from the father and one of the mother's two X chromosomes, each with probability 1/2. If it is Xʰ he is affected.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Zn
Why this is the answer
Zinc goes from 0 to +2, so it loses two electrons and is oxidised. Cu²⁺ gains those electrons and is reduced to copper metal.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · FeCl₃
Why this is the answer
Iron(III) means Fe³⁺. Three Cl⁻ ions are needed to balance it, giving FeCl₃. Iron(II) chloride, with Fe²⁺, would be FeCl₂.
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