1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which structure is the main bundle of nerve fibres connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres?
- AInternal capsule
- BFornix
- CCerebral peduncle
- DCorpus callosum
2.Human anatomyHard
During a lumbar puncture, which ligament is the last one pierced before the needle enters the epidural space?
- ALigamentum flavum
- BPosterior longitudinal ligament
- CSupraspinous ligament
- DInterspinous ligament
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which is a classic example of positive feedback in the body?
- AOxytocin release during labour
- BInsulin release after a meal
- CADH release when plasma osmolality rises
- DSweating when body temperature rises
4.Human physiologyHard
In Otto Loewi's classic experiment, fluid from a vagus-stimulated frog heart slowed a second heart. What did this show?
- AThe heart beats without any nerve supply
- BNerve impulses spread through the fluid directly as electricity
- CThe vagus nerve speeds up the heart
- DNerves pass signals to their targets by releasing a chemical
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
In disease spread, what is a vector?
- AAn organism that carries a pathogen between hosts
- BA medicine that destroys a pathogen in the body
- CA blood test used to detect antibodies
- DThe first person to catch a disease
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A solution contains 5 mg of a substance in every millilitre. How many milligrams are in 0.02 L of the solution?
- A0.1 mg
- B10 mg
- C100 mg
- D1000 mg
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
How many molecules are in 2 mol of carbon dioxide?
- A6.02 × 10²³
- B2.00 × 10²³
- C1.20 × 10²⁴
- D3.01 × 10²³
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A solution contains 250 mg of a substance in every 5 mL. How many grams of the substance are in 100 mL?
- A5 g
- B5000 g
- C0.5 g
- D50 g
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Corpus callosum
Why this is the answer
The corpus callosum is the largest commissure, linking matching areas of the two hemispheres. The internal capsule carries projection fibres up and down instead.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Ligamentum flavum
Why this is the answer
The needle passes skin, supraspinous and interspinous ligaments, then ligamentum flavum into the epidural space, then dura and arachnoid into the subarachnoid space.
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Oxytocin release during labour
Why this is the answer
Stretch of the cervix releases oxytocin, which strengthens contractions and causes more stretch. The loop ends with delivery. The other examples are negative feedback.
A · Oxytocin release during labour
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Nerves pass signals to their targets by releasing a chemical
Why this is the answer
The fluid carried "Vagusstoff", later identified as acetylcholine. This was the first clear evidence for chemical neurotransmission.
D · Nerves pass signals to their targets by releasing a chemical
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · An organism that carries a pathogen between hosts
Why this is the answer
A vector, such as a mosquito, tick or flea, carries pathogens between hosts. Controlling vectors, for example with bed nets, is a key way to prevent diseases like malaria.
A · An organism that carries a pathogen between hosts
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 100 mg
Why this is the answer
0.02 L = 20 mL. At 5 mg per mL, 20 × 5 = 100 mg.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 1.20 × 10²⁴
Why this is the answer
2 mol × 6.02 × 10²³ molecules/mol = 12.04 × 10²³ = 1.20 × 10²⁴ molecules.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 5 g
Why this is the answer
100 mL ÷ 5 mL = 20, so 20 × 250 mg = 5000 mg. Since 1 g = 1000 mg, 5000 mg = 5 g. Forgetting the unit change gives 5000.
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