1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which cranial nerve controls movement of the tongue?
- AFacial nerve (VII)
- BGlossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
- CVagus nerve (X)
- DHypoglossal nerve (XII)
2.Human anatomyHard
Which structure passes through the inguinal canal in males?
- ASpermatic cord
- BFemoral artery
- CObturator nerve
- DGreat saphenous vein
3.Human physiologyMedium
What does the QRS complex on an ECG represent?
- AVentricular depolarisation
- BAtrial depolarisation
- CAtrial repolarisation
- DVentricular repolarisation
4.Human physiologyHard
Which mechanism mainly creates the concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney?
- AGlomerular filtration
- BSecretion of urea into the proximal tubule
- CThe countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
- DADH acting on the descending limb
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
A person with blood type AB has both A and B antigens on the red cells. What kind of inheritance is this?
- ACodominance
- BComplete dominance of A over B
- CIncomplete dominance
- DSex-linked inheritance
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A person's body temperature starts to fall in a cold room. Which responses help bring it back up?
- ASweating and widening of blood vessels in the skin
- BFaster breathing and more urine production
- CSlower heart rate and less muscle activity
- DShivering and narrowing of blood vessels in the skin
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which statement describes a saturated fat?
- AIts fatty acid chains have no carbon–carbon double bonds
- BIt contains no carbon atoms
- CIt is always liquid at room temperature
- DIts fatty acid chains have many carbon–carbon double bonds
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Which list puts the elements in order of increasing atomic radius?
- AF, O, N, C
- BC, N, O, F
- CNa, Mg, Al, Si
- DO, F, N, C
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Why this is the answer
The hypoglossal nerve supplies the intrinsic and most extrinsic tongue muscles. A lesion makes the protruded tongue deviate towards the affected side.
D · Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Spermatic cord
Why this is the answer
The inguinal canal carries the spermatic cord in males and the round ligament in females. The femoral vessels pass below the inguinal ligament instead.
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Ventricular depolarisation
Why this is the answer
The P wave is atrial depolarisation, the QRS complex ventricular depolarisation and the T wave ventricular repolarisation. Atrial repolarisation is hidden in the QRS.
A · Ventricular depolarisation
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
Why this is the answer
The ascending limb actively transports NaCl into the interstitium without letting water follow, and the countercurrent flow multiplies this into a steep gradient that ADH then uses to concentrate urine.
C · The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Codominance
Why this is the answer
The Iᴬ and Iᴮ alleles are codominant: neither masks the other, and both antigens appear. The O allele (i) is recessive to both.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Shivering and narrowing of blood vessels in the skin
Why this is the answer
Shivering produces heat by rapid muscle contractions, and vasoconstriction in the skin reduces heat loss. Sweating and vasodilation are used when the body is too warm.
D · Shivering and narrowing of blood vessels in the skin
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Its fatty acid chains have no carbon–carbon double bonds
Why this is the answer
Saturated fatty acids have only C–C single bonds and the maximum number of hydrogens. Their straight chains pack closely, so saturated fats such as butter are usually solid at room temperature.
A · Its fatty acid chains have no carbon–carbon double bonds
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · F, O, N, C
Why this is the answer
Across a period atoms get smaller, so the order of increasing size runs backwards: F < O < N < C. Na to Si is decreasing.
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