1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which structure is the main bundle of nerve fibres connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres?
- ACorpus callosum
- BCerebral peduncle
- CFornix
- DInternal capsule
2.Human anatomyHard
When a patient stands on the right leg only, the left side of the pelvis drops (positive Trendelenburg sign). Which nerve is most likely damaged?
- ARight superior gluteal nerve
- BRight inferior gluteal nerve
- CRight femoral nerve
- DLeft superior gluteal nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is anatomical dead space?
- AThe volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
- BThe space between the two pleural layers
- CThe air that stays in the lungs after full exhalation (residual volume)
- DAlveoli that have collapsed completely
4.Human physiologyHard
Which transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is key to building the medullary concentration gradient?
- AThe sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT2)
- BThe Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2)
- CThe epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)
- DAquaporin-2 water channels
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
- ABurning fossil fuels
- BDecomposition
- CCellular respiration
- DPhotosynthesis
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Which statement correctly compares DNA replication and transcription?
- AReplication makes RNA from DNA; transcription makes DNA from RNA
- BBoth take place on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
- CReplication copies all the DNA; transcription copies one gene
- DBoth use thymine and deoxyribose in the new strand
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
In a closed container, 10 g of substance A reacts completely with 5 g of substance B. What is the total mass of the products?
- A50 g
- B10 g
- C15 g
- D5 g
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
What is the oxidation number of manganese in potassium permanganate, KMnO₄?
- A−1
- B+4
- C+1
- D+7
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Corpus callosum
Why this is the answer
The corpus callosum is the largest commissure, linking matching areas of the two hemispheres. The internal capsule carries projection fibres up and down instead.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Right superior gluteal nerve
Why this is the answer
The superior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus. If those of the standing (right) leg are weak, the pelvis sags on the opposite, unsupported side.
A · Right superior gluteal nerve
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · The volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
Why this is the answer
Anatomical dead space (about 150 ml) is air in the nose, trachea and bronchi. It is moved with every breath but never reaches the alveoli.
A · The volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · The Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2)
Why this is the answer
NKCC2 moves Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl⁻ out of the tubule into the interstitium without water, building the medullary gradient. Loop diuretics such as furosemide block it.
B · The Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2)
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Photosynthesis
Why this is the answer
Plants, algae and some bacteria take in CO₂ during photosynthesis and build it into sugars. Respiration, combustion and decomposition all release CO₂.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Replication copies all the DNA; transcription copies one gene
Why this is the answer
Replication uses DNA polymerase to copy the entire genome into DNA before division. Transcription uses RNA polymerase to copy a single gene into RNA, which contains uracil and ribose.
C · Replication copies all the DNA; transcription copies one gene
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 15 g
Why this is the answer
By the law of conservation of mass, the products have the same total mass as the reactants: 10 g + 5 g = 15 g.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · +7
Why this is the answer
(+1) + Mn + 4(−2) = 0, so 1 + Mn − 8 = 0 and Mn = +7. Permanganate is a strong oxidising agent.
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