1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which part of the brainstem contains the main cardiovascular and respiratory centres?
- AMidbrain
- BCerebellum
- CPons
- DMedulla oblongata
2.Human anatomyHard
A patient has a drooping eyelid, a dilated pupil and an eye that rests "down and out". Which nerve is most likely damaged?
- ATrochlear nerve (IV)
- BAbducens nerve (VI)
- COculomotor nerve (III)
- DOptic nerve (II)
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is the main function of pulmonary surfactant?
- ATo kill bacteria in the airways
- BTo carry oxygen across the alveolar wall
- CTo trap dust in the bronchi
- DTo reduce surface tension in the alveoli
4.Human physiologyHard
Hodgkin and Huxley's classic studies of the ionic basis of the action potential used which preparation?
- AThe frog sciatic nerve–muscle preparation
- BThe squid giant axon
- CThe cat spinal cord
- DCultured human cortical neurons
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Why does ice float on liquid water?
- AIce contains more air than liquid water
- BHydrogen bonds hold ice in an open, less dense structure
- CIce is denser than liquid water
- DIce molecules are lighter than liquid water molecules
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Two pea plants that are both AaBb are crossed. The genes are on different chromosomes. What fraction of the offspring is expected to show both recessive traits (aabb)?
- A1/4
- B9/16
- C1/16
- D3/16
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is the formula of the hydroxide ion?
- AO²⁻
- BOH⁻
- COH⁺
- DH₃O⁺
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Chlorine has two common isotopes, chlorine-35 (about 75%) and chlorine-37 (about 25%). What is its average atomic mass?
- AAbout 35.5
- BAbout 36.5
- CExactly 36
- DExactly 35
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Medulla oblongata
Why this is the answer
The medulla oblongata contains the vital centres that regulate heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rhythm.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Oculomotor nerve (III)
Why this is the answer
The oculomotor nerve supplies most eye muscles, levator palpebrae and the pupil constrictor. Lesion leaves lateral rectus and superior oblique unopposed, so the eye goes down and out.
C · Oculomotor nerve (III)
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · To reduce surface tension in the alveoli
Why this is the answer
Surfactant, made by type II alveolar cells, lowers surface tension so alveoli do not collapse and the lungs are easier to inflate.
D · To reduce surface tension in the alveoli
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · The squid giant axon
Why this is the answer
The squid giant axon is up to about 1 mm wide, so voltage-clamp electrodes could be inserted. This showed that sodium inflow and potassium outflow produce the action potential.
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Hydrogen bonds hold ice in an open, less dense structure
Why this is the answer
When water freezes, hydrogen bonds lock the molecules into an open lattice, which is less dense than liquid water. Floating ice insulates the water beneath, so aquatic life can survive winter.
B · Hydrogen bonds hold ice in an open, less dense structure
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 1/16
Why this is the answer
P(aa) = 1/4 and P(bb) = 1/4, and the genes assort independently, so P(aabb) = 1/4 × 1/4 = 1/16. The full ratio is 9 : 3 : 3 : 1.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · OH⁻
Why this is the answer
Hydroxide is OH⁻, one oxygen and one hydrogen with a 1− charge. H₃O⁺ is the hydronium ion found in acidic solutions.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · About 35.5
Why this is the answer
0.75 × 35 + 0.25 × 37 = 26.25 + 9.25 = 35.5. The plain average of 35 and 37 (36) ignores the abundances.
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