1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which is the largest nerve in the human body?
- AMedian nerve
- BFemoral nerve
- CVagus nerve
- DSciatic nerve
2.Human anatomyHard
Why does an inhaled foreign body more often lodge in the right main bronchus than the left?
- AThe right bronchus is narrower and more horizontal
- BThe right lung has stronger airflow due to the heart's position
- CThe right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical
- DThe left bronchus is closed by the epiglottis
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which receptors respond mainly to a fall in arterial oxygen levels?
- ACentral chemoreceptors in the medulla
- BStretch receptors in the lungs
- CBaroreceptors in the carotid sinus
- DPeripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies
4.Human physiologyHard
In pernicious anaemia, autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells leads to anaemia because:
- APepsin is lost, so haemoglobin cannot be made
- BGastrin is lost, so the bone marrow is no longer stimulated
- CIntrinsic factor is lost, so vitamin B12 is not absorbed
- DAcid is lost, so iron is never absorbed in any form
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which is an example of negative feedback?
- ABlood clotting speeding up once it starts
- BContractions growing stronger during labour
- CSweating when body temperature rises
- DA wound becoming more inflamed over time
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A mutation changes one amino acid in an enzyme. In which location is the change most likely to stop the enzyme from working?
- AIn the gene's stop codon
- BIn the active site
- CIn a section that is removed after the protein is made
- DOn the outer surface, far from the active site
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which change would make a piece of chalk react faster with acid?
- ACooling the acid in a fridge
- BDiluting the acid with more water
- CGrinding the chalk into a powder
- DUsing one large lump of chalk
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A compound has the empirical formula CH₂ and a molar mass of 42 g/mol (C = 12, H = 1). What is its molecular formula?
- ACH₂
- BC₃H₆
- CC₄H₈
- DC₂H₄
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Sciatic nerve
Why this is the answer
The sciatic nerve (L4–S3) leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen and supplies the hamstrings and all the muscles below the knee. Skin on the inner side of the leg is supplied by the saphenous nerve instead.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · The right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical
Why this is the answer
The right main bronchus is wider, shorter and continues more directly in line with the trachea, so aspirated objects tend to fall into it.
C · The right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies
Why this is the answer
The carotid and aortic bodies detect low PaO₂ (and also high CO₂ and H⁺). The central chemoreceptors respond to CO₂ but not directly to oxygen.
D · Peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Intrinsic factor is lost, so vitamin B12 is not absorbed
Why this is the answer
Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor, needed for B12 absorption in the terminal ileum. B12 deficiency impairs DNA synthesis and causes megaloblastic anaemia.
C · Intrinsic factor is lost, so vitamin B12 is not absorbed
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Sweating when body temperature rises
Why this is the answer
In negative feedback, a change triggers a response that brings the value back towards normal. Rising temperature causes sweating, which cools the body. Most homeostatic control works this way.
C · Sweating when body temperature rises
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · In the active site
Why this is the answer
The active site must fit the substrate precisely, so changing an amino acid there is most likely to stop binding or catalysis. Changes far from the active site often have little effect, although some can alter the overall shape.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Grinding the chalk into a powder
Why this is the answer
Powder has a much larger surface area, so more particles can collide with the acid at once. Cooling and diluting slow the reaction.
C · Grinding the chalk into a powder
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · C₃H₆
Why this is the answer
CH₂ has a mass of 14 g/mol, and 42 ÷ 14 = 3. Multiplying every subscript by 3 gives C₃H₆.
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