1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
- ATricuspid valve
- BAortic valve
- CMitral (bicuspid) valve
- DPulmonary valve
2.Human anatomyHard
When a patient stands on the right leg only, the left side of the pelvis drops (positive Trendelenburg sign). Which nerve is most likely damaged?
- ARight femoral nerve
- BLeft superior gluteal nerve
- CRight superior gluteal nerve
- DRight inferior gluteal nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
What causes the first heart sound (S1)?
- ABlood filling the atria
- BClosure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
- COpening of the aortic valve
- DClosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
4.Human physiologyHard
Which combination of signs is expected in a patient in early hypovolaemic shock after major bleeding?
- ABradycardia, warm flushed skin and high urine output
- BTachycardia, cool pale skin and reduced urine output
- CBradycardia, cool pale skin and high urine output
- DTachycardia, warm flushed skin and high urine output
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Why do the palisade cells near the top surface of a leaf contain many chloroplasts?
- AThey carry sugars from the leaves down to the roots
- BThey get the most light and do most of the photosynthesis
- CThey store most of the plant's water for dry periods
- DThey protect the leaf from insects and strong winds
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Fertiliser washes from farmland into a lake. Algae grow rapidly, then die, and later many fish die. What is the main cause of the fish deaths?
- AThe fish eat too many algae and become ill
- BThe algae release carbon dioxide that poisons fish
- CThe fertiliser is directly poisonous to fish
- DBacteria decomposing the dead algae use up the oxygen
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
A student tests how temperature affects the rate of a reaction. What is the independent variable?
- AThe reaction rate
- BThe type of beaker used
- CThe temperature
- DThe volume of acid, which is kept the same
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A mixture contains sand, salt and water. Which sequence separates all three?
- AUse a magnet to remove the salt, then filter the sand
- BDistil first to remove the sand, then filter out the salt
- CEvaporate all the water first, then filter the salt away from the dry sand
- DFilter to remove the sand, then distil the filtrate to collect water and leave salt
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Why this is the answer
The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle; the tricuspid valve does the same on the right side.
C · Mitral (bicuspid) valve
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Right superior gluteal nerve
Why this is the answer
The superior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus. If those of the standing (right) leg are weak, the pelvis sags on the opposite, unsupported side.
C · Right superior gluteal nerve
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
Why this is the answer
S1 ("lub") is caused by closure of the atrioventricular valves at the start of systole. S2 ("dub") is closure of the semilunar valves.
B · Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · Tachycardia, cool pale skin and reduced urine output
Why this is the answer
Baroreceptor-driven sympathetic activation raises heart rate and constricts skin vessels. Reduced renal perfusion, ADH and aldosterone lower urine output.
B · Tachycardia, cool pale skin and reduced urine output
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · They get the most light and do most of the photosynthesis
Why this is the answer
Palisade cells lie just below the upper surface, where light is strongest. Packing them with chloroplasts lets the leaf capture as much light as possible for photosynthesis.
B · They get the most light and do most of the photosynthesis
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Bacteria decomposing the dead algae use up the oxygen
Why this is the answer
This is eutrophication. Extra nutrients cause an algal bloom. When the algae die, bacteria decompose them and use large amounts of dissolved oxygen, so fish suffocate.
D · Bacteria decomposing the dead algae use up the oxygen
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · The temperature
Why this is the answer
The independent variable is the one deliberately changed (temperature). The dependent variable is what is measured (rate). Variables kept the same, such as acid volume, are controlled variables.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Filter to remove the sand, then distil the filtrate to collect water and leave salt
Why this is the answer
Filtration removes the insoluble sand. The filtrate is salt water; distilling it collects pure water in the condenser and leaves the salt behind. Evaporation alone would recover salt but lose the water.
D · Filter to remove the sand, then distil the filtrate to collect water and leave salt
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