1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which type of epithelium lines most of the trachea?
- AStratified squamous epithelium
- BSimple cuboidal epithelium
- CPseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
- DTransitional epithelium
2.Human anatomyHard
Which muscle is the main flexor of the hip joint?
- ABiceps femoris
- BGluteus maximus
- CIliopsoas
- DAdductor magnus
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is anatomical dead space?
- AThe air that stays in the lungs after full exhalation (residual volume)
- BAlveoli that have collapsed completely
- CThe volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
- DThe space between the two pleural layers
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does a deep sea diver risk decompression sickness when surfacing quickly?
- ANitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
- BThe lungs collapse when the pressure falls
- COxygen becomes toxic at the surface
- DCarbon dioxide cannot leave the lungs fast enough
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
White blood cells called macrophages engulf and digest bacteria. Which organelle would you expect them to have in large numbers?
- ACentral vacuoles
- BChloroplasts
- CSmooth endoplasmic reticulum
- DLysosomes
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A person's body temperature starts to fall in a cold room. Which responses help bring it back up?
- ASlower heart rate and less muscle activity
- BFaster breathing and more urine production
- CShivering and narrowing of blood vessels in the skin
- DSweating and widening of blood vessels in the skin
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
A red blood cell is placed in pure water (a hypotonic solution). What happens?
- ASalt enters the cell, which shrinks
- BNothing happens to the cell
- CWater leaves the cell, which shrinks and wrinkles
- DWater enters the cell, which swells and may burst
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
The true volume in a flask is 10.0 mL. A student measures it three times and gets 8.1 mL, 8.1 mL and 8.2 mL. How are these results best described?
- ABoth accurate and precise
- BPrecise but not accurate
- CNeither accurate nor precise
- DAccurate but not precise
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Why this is the answer
Respiratory epithelium is pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells. Mucus traps particles and cilia move it up towards the pharynx.
C · Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Iliopsoas
Why this is the answer
Iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus) is the strongest hip flexor. Gluteus maximus extends the hip.
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · The volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
Why this is the answer
Anatomical dead space (about 150 ml) is air in the nose, trachea and bronchi. It is moved with every breath but never reaches the alveoli.
C · The volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
Why this is the answer
At depth more nitrogen dissolves in the tissues. If pressure falls too fast it comes out of solution as bubbles in tissues and blood, causing "the bends".
A · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Lysosomes
Why this is the answer
After a macrophage engulfs a bacterium, lysosomes fuse with the vesicle and their enzymes digest it. Cells that do a lot of digestion therefore have many lysosomes.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Shivering and narrowing of blood vessels in the skin
Why this is the answer
Shivering produces heat by rapid muscle contractions, and vasoconstriction in the skin reduces heat loss. Sweating and vasodilation are used when the body is too warm.
C · Shivering and narrowing of blood vessels in the skin
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Water enters the cell, which swells and may burst
Why this is the answer
The cell contents have more solute than pure water, so water moves into the cell by osmosis. The cell swells and may burst, which is called haemolysis.
D · Water enters the cell, which swells and may burst
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Precise but not accurate
Why this is the answer
The readings agree closely with one another (precise) but are all far from 10.0 mL (not accurate). This pattern suggests a systematic error, such as a badly calibrated instrument.
B · Precise but not accurate
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