1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which cranial nerve controls most of the muscles of facial expression?
- AFacial nerve (VII)
- BOculomotor nerve (III)
- CTrigeminal nerve (V)
- DHypoglossal nerve (XII)
2.Human anatomyHard
Injury to the common fibular (peroneal) nerve at the neck of the fibula typically causes:
- ALoss of sensation on the sole of the foot
- BInability to flex the knee
- CFoot drop
- DWeak hip abduction
3.Human physiologyMedium
What does the QRS complex on an ECG represent?
- AVentricular repolarisation
- BAtrial repolarisation
- CAtrial depolarisation
- DVentricular depolarisation
4.Human physiologyHard
In primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease), which combination is expected?
- AHigh sodium, low potassium and low ACTH
- BHigh sodium, high potassium and high ACTH
- CLow sodium, high potassium and high ACTH
- DLow sodium, low potassium and low ACTH
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Why do red blood cells have a flattened, biconcave disc shape?
- AIt helps them divide faster
- BIt makes them stick to vessel walls
- CIt lets them hold a larger nucleus and more DNA
- DIt gives a large surface area for gas exchange
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A pre-mRNA is 3000 bases long, and 1200 bases of introns are removed. If all remaining bases code for amino acids, what is the largest number of amino acids in the protein?
- A1000
- B400
- C1800
- D600
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is the molar mass of sodium chloride, NaCl (Na = 23, Cl = 35.5 g/mol)?
- A23 g/mol
- B81.5 g/mol
- C58.5 g/mol
- D12.5 g/mol
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Marble chips react with hydrochloric acid, giving off CO₂. The gas is produced quickly at first, then more and more slowly. Why does the rate fall?
- AThe activation energy steadily increases as the reaction goes on
- BThe acid concentration falls as it is used up, so collisions become less frequent
- CThe products act as a catalyst that slows the reaction down
- DThe CO₂ produced turns back into acid
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Facial nerve (VII)
Why this is the answer
The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) supplies the muscles of facial expression. Damage causes facial palsy, as in Bell's palsy.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Foot drop
Why this is the answer
The common fibular nerve supplies the dorsiflexors and evertors. Damage at the fibular neck causes foot drop and a high-stepping gait. The sole is supplied by the tibial nerve.
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Ventricular depolarisation
Why this is the answer
The P wave is atrial depolarisation, the QRS complex ventricular depolarisation and the T wave ventricular repolarisation. Atrial repolarisation is hidden in the QRS.
D · Ventricular depolarisation
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Low sodium, high potassium and high ACTH
Why this is the answer
Loss of aldosterone causes sodium loss and potassium retention. Low cortisol removes negative feedback, so ACTH rises and can cause skin pigmentation.
C · Low sodium, high potassium and high ACTH
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · It gives a large surface area for gas exchange
Why this is the answer
The biconcave shape increases surface area relative to volume and keeps the distance for diffusion short. It also makes the cells flexible enough to squeeze through narrow capillaries.
D · It gives a large surface area for gas exchange
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 600
Why this is the answer
3000 − 1200 = 1800 bases remain in the mature mRNA. Each amino acid needs 3 bases, so 1800 ÷ 3 = 600 amino acids.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 58.5 g/mol
Why this is the answer
23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g/mol. Molar masses of compounds are found by adding the atomic masses of every atom in the formula.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · The acid concentration falls as it is used up, so collisions become less frequent
Why this is the answer
As the reaction proceeds, reactant particles are used up, so their concentration drops and successful collisions become less frequent. The reaction stops when the limiting reactant runs out.
B · The acid concentration falls as it is used up, so collisions become less frequent
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