1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The rotator cuff consists of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and which other muscle?
- ADeltoid
- BTeres major
- CSubscapularis
- DLatissimus dorsi
2.Human anatomyHard
In portal hypertension, oesophageal varices form at which portosystemic anastomosis?
- ABetween the paraumbilical veins and the epigastric veins
- BBetween the superior rectal and middle rectal veins
- CBetween the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
- DBetween the splenic vein and the left renal vein
3.Human physiologyMedium
How is the ejection fraction calculated?
- AEnd-systolic volume ÷ stroke volume
- BEnd-diastolic volume ÷ end-systolic volume
- CStroke volume ÷ end-diastolic volume
- DCardiac output ÷ heart rate
4.Human physiologyHard
Which substance's clearance is used as the gold standard to measure glomerular filtration rate?
- AGlucose
- BInulin
- CCreatinine
- DUrea
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Identical twins raised in different homes have different body weights. What does this show?
- AThe phenotype depends on environment as well as genotype
- BBody weight is controlled by a single gene
- CThe twins must have different genotypes for body weight genes
- DMutations happened in every cell of one twin
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Redi placed meat in open jars and in jars covered with gauze. Maggots appeared only on meat that flies could reach. What did this show?
- AFlies form from rotting meat, and then they lay eggs on fresh meat
- BMeat turns into maggots when exposed to air
- CGauze produces chemicals that stop meat from rotting
- DMaggots come from eggs laid by flies, not from the meat itself
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which of these is a colloid?
- ASand in water
- BMilk
- CPure water
- DSalt water
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A sample contains 3.01 × 10²³ molecules of water. How many moles is that?
- A3.01 mol
- B2 mol
- C0.5 mol
- D1.81 mol
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Subscapularis
Why this is the answer
SITS: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis. Teres major is close by but is not part of the cuff.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Between the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
Why this is the answer
At the lower oesophagus, portal blood in the left gastric vein meets systemic blood in the oesophageal veins draining to the azygos system. High portal pressure dilates these veins.
C · Between the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · Stroke volume ÷ end-diastolic volume
Why this is the answer
Ejection fraction is the proportion of blood in the full ventricle that is ejected per beat. A normal value is about 55–70%.
C · Stroke volume ÷ end-diastolic volume
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · Inulin
Why this is the answer
Inulin is filtered freely and is not reabsorbed or secreted, so its clearance equals GFR exactly. Creatinine is slightly secreted, so it overestimates GFR a little.
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · The phenotype depends on environment as well as genotype
Why this is the answer
Since identical twins have the same genotype, differences between them must come largely from the environment, such as diet and activity. Phenotype results from both genes and environment.
A · The phenotype depends on environment as well as genotype
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Maggots come from eggs laid by flies, not from the meat itself
Why this is the answer
Redi's experiment showed that maggots did not arise spontaneously from meat. They appeared only where flies could lay eggs, which was early evidence against spontaneous generation.
D · Maggots come from eggs laid by flies, not from the meat itself
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Milk
Why this is the answer
In a colloid, particles are bigger than in a solution but do not settle out. Milk has tiny fat and protein droplets spread through water. Salt water is a solution and sand in water a suspension.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 0.5 mol
Why this is the answer
n = 3.01 × 10²³ ÷ 6.02 × 10²³ = 0.5 mol.
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