1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The circle of Willis at the base of the brain connects which two arterial supplies?
- AInternal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems
- BJugular and vertebral systems
- CLeft and right external carotid arteries
- DExternal carotid and subclavian arterial systems
2.Human anatomyHard
After a fracture of the midshaft of the humerus, a patient cannot extend the wrist and fingers ("wrist drop"). Which nerve is most likely injured?
- AUlnar nerve
- BMedian nerve
- CAxillary nerve
- DRadial nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?
- AParietal cells
- BG cells
- CChief cells
- DGoblet cells
4.Human physiologyHard
Which mechanism mainly creates the concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney?
- AADH acting on the descending limb
- BSecretion of urea into the proximal tubule
- CGlomerular filtration
- DThe countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
How can bacteria pass antibiotic-resistance genes directly to other bacteria?
- ABy conjugation, transferring plasmids through a pilus
- BBy mitosis, sharing copies of their chromosomes with neighbours
- CBy osmosis, moving genes in water
- DBy meiosis, forming gametes with new alleles
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A red blood cell is placed in a solution with the same solute concentration as its cytoplasm. What happens?
- AWater molecules stop crossing the membrane in either direction
- BThe cell shrinks as water leaves
- CNo net water movement; the cell keeps its shape
- DThe cell swells and bursts
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which kind of reaction is Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂?
- ADecomposition
- BSynthesis
- CSingle replacement
- DDouble replacement
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
What is (8 × 10⁶) ÷ (2 × 10⁻²)?
- A4 × 10⁴
- B4 × 10⁻¹²
- C16 × 10⁴
- D4 × 10⁸
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems
Why this is the answer
The circle of Willis links the internal carotid arteries with the basilar artery (formed by the vertebral arteries), allowing some collateral flow.
A · Internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Radial nerve
Why this is the answer
The radial nerve runs in the radial (spiral) groove of the humeral shaft. It supplies the wrist and finger extensors, so injury causes wrist drop.
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Parietal cells
Why this is the answer
Parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen and G cells secrete gastrin.
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
Why this is the answer
The ascending limb actively transports NaCl into the interstitium without letting water follow, and the countercurrent flow multiplies this into a steep gradient that ADH then uses to concentrate urine.
D · The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · By conjugation, transferring plasmids through a pilus
Why this is the answer
In conjugation one bacterium transfers a copy of a plasmid to another through a bridge called a pilus. Plasmids often carry resistance genes, which can spread quickly even between species.
A · By conjugation, transferring plasmids through a pilus
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · No net water movement; the cell keeps its shape
Why this is the answer
In an isotonic solution water moves in and out at the same rate, so there is no net change. Water molecules still cross; there is just no net flow.
C · No net water movement; the cell keeps its shape
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Single replacement
Why this is the answer
Zinc replaces hydrogen in HCl: A + BC → AC + B, a single replacement reaction.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 4 × 10⁸
Why this is the answer
8 ÷ 2 = 4, and 10⁶ ÷ 10⁻² = 10⁶⁻⁽⁻²⁾ = 10⁸. So the answer is 4 × 10⁸. Subtracting a negative exponent adds to it.
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