1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which cranial nerve supplies the lateral rectus muscle of the eye?
- AOptic nerve (II)
- BTrochlear nerve (IV)
- CAbducens nerve (VI)
- DOculomotor nerve (III)
2.Human anatomyHard
Why does an inhaled foreign body more often lodge in the right main bronchus than the left?
- AThe right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical
- BThe left bronchus is closed by the epiglottis
- CThe right bronchus is narrower and more horizontal
- DThe right lung has stronger airflow due to the heart's position
3.Human physiologyMedium
How is the ejection fraction calculated?
- AEnd-diastolic volume ÷ end-systolic volume
- BEnd-systolic volume ÷ stroke volume
- CStroke volume ÷ end-diastolic volume
- DCardiac output ÷ heart rate
4.Human physiologyHard
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis breathes deeply and rapidly. What pattern is expected on the blood gas?
- AHigh pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂
- BLow pH, high bicarbonate and high PaCO₂
- CLow pH, normal bicarbonate and high PaCO₂
- DLow pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What happens during transcription?
- AAmino acids are joined at the ribosome
- BAn mRNA copy of a gene is made from DNA
- CA protein is built from an mRNA message
- DThe whole DNA molecule is copied before division
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A point mutation changes the codon GAA to GAG, and both code for glutamic acid. What kind of mutation is this?
- AA silent mutation
- BA chromosomal deletion
- CA frameshift mutation
- DA nonsense mutation
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What are the products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon such as methane?
- ACarbon monoxide and hydrogen
- BCarbon dioxide and water
- COxygen and water
- DCarbon and hydrogen gas
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Which list puts the elements in order of increasing atomic radius?
- AO, F, N, C
- BNa, Mg, Al, Si
- CF, O, N, C
- DC, N, O, F
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Abducens nerve (VI)
Why this is the answer
The abducens nerve (VI) supplies lateral rectus. A lesion stops the eye moving outwards and causes horizontal double vision.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · The right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical
Why this is the answer
The right main bronchus is wider, shorter and continues more directly in line with the trachea, so aspirated objects tend to fall into it.
A · The right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · Stroke volume ÷ end-diastolic volume
Why this is the answer
Ejection fraction is the proportion of blood in the full ventricle that is ejected per beat. A normal value is about 55–70%.
C · Stroke volume ÷ end-diastolic volume
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Low pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂
Why this is the answer
Ketoacids consume bicarbonate, causing metabolic acidosis. Kussmaul breathing lowers PaCO₂ as respiratory compensation.
D · Low pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · An mRNA copy of a gene is made from DNA
Why this is the answer
Transcription copies the information of a gene into messenger RNA. Translation then uses the mRNA at the ribosome to build a protein.
B · An mRNA copy of a gene is made from DNA
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · A silent mutation
Why this is the answer
Because several codons code for the same amino acid, some base changes do not alter the protein. These are silent mutations.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Carbon dioxide and water
Why this is the answer
CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O. With too little oxygen, incomplete combustion also forms carbon monoxide and soot.
B · Carbon dioxide and water
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · F, O, N, C
Why this is the answer
Across a period atoms get smaller, so the order of increasing size runs backwards: F < O < N < C. Na to Si is decreasing.
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