1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which nerve supplies the diaphragm?
- AIntercostal nerves
- BVagus nerve
- CAccessory nerve
- DPhrenic nerve
2.Human anatomyHard
In portal hypertension, oesophageal varices form at which portosystemic anastomosis?
- ABetween the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
- BBetween the splenic vein and the left renal vein
- CBetween the paraumbilical veins and the epigastric veins
- DBetween the superior rectal and middle rectal veins
3.Human physiologyMedium
What does the QRS complex on an ECG represent?
- AAtrial depolarisation
- BAtrial repolarisation
- CVentricular depolarisation
- DVentricular repolarisation
4.Human physiologyHard
In a patient with primary hypothyroidism, you would expect:
- ALow TSH and low free T4
- BHigh TSH and high free T4
- CLow TSH and high free T4
- DHigh TSH and low free T4
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Two heterozygous parents (Aa × Aa) are crossed. What is the expected genotype ratio?
- A1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa
- B1 AA : 1 aa
- C2 AA : 1 Aa : 1 aa
- D3 AA : 1 aa
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A drug lowered blood pressure in a study of 20 men aged 40 to 50. Why might the result not apply to women over 70?
- ABlood pressure cannot be measured in older women
- BThe study had a dependent variable
- CThe results were too precise to be trusted
- DThe sample did not represent that group
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What does Avogadro's law state?
- AOne mole of any gas has a mass of 22.4 g
- BEqual volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules
- CEqual masses of all gases contain equal numbers of molecules under any conditions
- DThe pressure of a gas doubles when its temperature is halved
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A solution has a hydroxide ion concentration of 1 × 10⁻³ mol/L. What is its pH at 25 °C?
- A14
- B7
- C11
- D3
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Phrenic nerve
Why this is the answer
The phrenic nerve (roots C3–C5) is the motor supply to the diaphragm. High cervical cord injury above C3 therefore stops spontaneous breathing.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Between the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
Why this is the answer
At the lower oesophagus, portal blood in the left gastric vein meets systemic blood in the oesophageal veins draining to the azygos system. High portal pressure dilates these veins.
A · Between the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · Ventricular depolarisation
Why this is the answer
The P wave is atrial depolarisation, the QRS complex ventricular depolarisation and the T wave ventricular repolarisation. Atrial repolarisation is hidden in the QRS.
C · Ventricular depolarisation
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · High TSH and low free T4
Why this is the answer
When the thyroid fails, low T4 removes negative feedback and the pituitary raises TSH. Low TSH with low T4 would point to secondary (pituitary) hypothyroidism.
D · High TSH and low free T4
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa
Why this is the answer
The square gives AA, Aa, aA and aa, which is 1 : 2 : 1. The phenotype ratio is 3 dominant : 1 recessive.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · The sample did not represent that group
Why this is the answer
Results can only be applied confidently to people similar to those studied. Age and sex may change how a drug works, so the findings need to be tested in a more representative sample.
D · The sample did not represent that group
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules
Why this is the answer
Under the same conditions, the volume of a gas depends only on the number of particles, not on what the gas is. This is why 1 mol of any ideal gas fills 22.4 L at STP.
B · Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 11
Why this is the answer
pOH = −log(10⁻³) = 3, so pH = 14 − 3 = 11. Answering 3 confuses pOH with pH.
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