1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which part of the stomach connects to the duodenum?
- APylorus
- BFundus
- CBody
- DCardia
2.Human anatomyHard
Which muscle is the main flexor of the hip joint?
- ABiceps femoris
- BAdductor magnus
- CGluteus maximus
- DIliopsoas
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which ABO blood group has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma?
- AGroup A
- BGroup AB
- CGroup O
- DGroup B
4.Human physiologyHard
According to the length–tension relationship, why does a skeletal muscle fibre produce less force when overstretched?
- AThe muscle runs out of ATP when stretched
- BThe neuromuscular junction stops working
- CCalcium is no longer released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum when stretched
- DActin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which list puts these human energy sources in order from fastest to use to longest-lasting store?
- AFat, then glycogen, then ATP
- BGlycogen, then ATP, then fat
- CATP, then glycogen, then fat
- DATP, then fat, then glycogen
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Why is ATP described as an energy carrier rather than a long-term energy store?
- AATP is stored in large amounts in fat tissue
- BATP contains no energy in its bonds, so it cannot be stored
- CATP can be made only in plants
- DCells hold only a little and constantly recycle it from ADP
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Water can act as an acid in some reactions and as a base in others. What is such a substance called?
- AAmphoteric
- BSaturated
- CNeutral
- DIsotonic
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and fructose (C₆H₁₂O₆) join by a condensation reaction to form sucrose. What is the formula of sucrose?
- AC₆H₁₂O₆
- BC₁₂H₂₄O₁₂
- CC₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
- DC₁₂H₂₀O₁₀
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Pylorus
Why this is the answer
The pylorus is the distal stomach. Its pyloric sphincter regulates the passage of chyme into the duodenum.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Iliopsoas
Why this is the answer
Iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus) is the strongest hip flexor. Gluteus maximus extends the hip.
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · Group O
Why this is the answer
Group O people have no A or B antigens and make both anti-A and anti-B. Group AB has both antigens and neither antibody.
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Actin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
Why this is the answer
Maximum force occurs at an optimal sarcomere length with best filament overlap. Overstretching reduces overlap; too short a length makes filaments collide.
D · Actin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · ATP, then glycogen, then fat
Why this is the answer
ATP is used directly but is present only in small amounts. Glycogen is broken down quickly to glucose, and fat is the largest long-term store, used mainly during longer activity or fasting.
C · ATP, then glycogen, then fat
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Cells hold only a little and constantly recycle it from ADP
Why this is the answer
Cells keep only a small amount of ATP and remake it all the time from ADP and phosphate using energy from respiration. Long-term energy is stored as glycogen and fat.
D · Cells hold only a little and constantly recycle it from ADP
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Amphoteric
Why this is the answer
An amphoteric substance can both donate and accept protons. Water gives up H⁺ when reacting with bases (such as NH₃) and accepts H⁺ when reacting with acids (such as HCl).
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
Why this is the answer
Together the two sugars contain C₁₂H₂₄O₁₂. Condensation releases one H₂O, leaving C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁, table sugar.
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