1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which structure is the main bundle of nerve fibres connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres?
- ACorpus callosum
- BCerebral peduncle
- CFornix
- DInternal capsule
2.Human anatomyHard
Why can an inflamed gallbladder that irritates the diaphragm cause pain at the tip of the right shoulder?
- AThe vagus nerve supplies the skin of the shoulder
- BBile travels up the lymphatics to the shoulder
- CThe gallbladder is attached to the right clavicle
- DThe phrenic nerve shares spinal segments C3–C5 with the skin of the shoulder
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is the main effect of vagus nerve stimulation on the heart?
- AIt increases ventricular contractility strongly
- BIt slows the heart rate
- CIt constricts the coronary arteries
- DIt increases the heart rate
4.Human physiologyHard
In Otto Loewi's classic experiment, fluid from a vagus-stimulated frog heart slowed a second heart. What did this show?
- AThe vagus nerve speeds up the heart
- BNerves pass signals to their targets by releasing a chemical
- CNerve impulses spread through the fluid directly as electricity
- DThe heart beats without any nerve supply
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What do starch, glycogen and cellulose have in common?
- AThey are nucleic acids that store hereditary information
- BThey are proteins made of amino acids
- CThey are polysaccharides made of glucose units
- DThey are lipids that store energy
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Cells of the pancreas make and secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes. Which organelles would be especially well developed?
- AChloroplasts and the cell wall
- BRough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
- CSmooth endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts and the large vacuole
- DLysosomes and the cell wall
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What kind of bond is found in a molecule of oxygen gas, O₂?
- AA nonpolar covalent double bond
- BA polar covalent single bond
- CAn ionic bond
- DA metallic bond
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
In the equation N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃, how many grams of ammonia (17 g/mol) can be made from 1 mol of N₂ with excess hydrogen?
- A34 g
- B28 g
- C51 g
- D17 g
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Corpus callosum
Why this is the answer
The corpus callosum is the largest commissure, linking matching areas of the two hemispheres. The internal capsule carries projection fibres up and down instead.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · The phrenic nerve shares spinal segments C3–C5 with the skin of the shoulder
Why this is the answer
Diaphragmatic irritation is carried by the phrenic nerve (C3–C5). The brain refers it to skin supplied by the same segments, via the supraclavicular nerves over the shoulder.
D · The phrenic nerve shares spinal segments C3–C5 with the skin of the shoulder
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · It slows the heart rate
Why this is the answer
The vagus releases acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors in the SA and AV nodes, slowing pacemaker firing and AV conduction.
B · It slows the heart rate
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · Nerves pass signals to their targets by releasing a chemical
Why this is the answer
The fluid carried "Vagusstoff", later identified as acetylcholine. This was the first clear evidence for chemical neurotransmission.
B · Nerves pass signals to their targets by releasing a chemical
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · They are polysaccharides made of glucose units
Why this is the answer
All three are glucose polymers: starch stores energy in plants, glycogen in animals, and cellulose forms plant cell walls.
C · They are polysaccharides made of glucose units
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
Why this is the answer
Proteins for secretion are made on the rough ER and then packaged by the Golgi into vesicles that release them from the cell.
B · Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · A nonpolar covalent double bond
Why this is the answer
Two identical atoms share electrons equally, so the bond is nonpolar covalent; in O₂ two pairs are shared, making a double bond.
A · A nonpolar covalent double bond
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 34 g
Why this is the answer
The mole ratio N₂ : NH₃ is 1 : 2, so 2 mol × 17 g/mol = 34 g of ammonia.
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