1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which artery supplies most of the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the front of the interventricular septum?
- ARight coronary artery
- BCircumflex artery
- CLeft anterior descending artery
- DPosterior descending artery
2.Human anatomyHard
Which structure passes through the inguinal canal in males?
- AFemoral artery
- BGreat saphenous vein
- CSpermatic cord
- DObturator nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
According to Poiseuille's law, if the radius of an arteriole halves, its resistance to flow:
- ADoubles
- BHalves
- CIncreases 4-fold
- DIncreases about 16-fold
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does left ventricular failure cause pulmonary oedema?
- AThe right ventricle pumps less blood into the lungs
- BPlasma oncotic pressure in the lungs rises sharply
- CThe bronchial arteries become blocked
- DRaised left atrial pressure increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
A greenhouse is warm and brightly lit, but the air has very little carbon dioxide. What is most likely limiting the rate of photosynthesis?
- AThe light intensity in the greenhouse
- BThe number of stomata
- CThe carbon dioxide concentration
- DThe temperature
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A study finds that towns with more ice-cream sales also have more drownings. What is the best conclusion?
- AEating ice cream causes people to drown
- BThe data must be wrong, because such a link makes no sense at all
- CThey are correlated, perhaps because both rise in hot weather
- DDrowning causes people to buy ice cream
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
A piece of metal has a density of 8 g/cm³ and a volume of 5 cm³. What is its mass?
- A40 g
- B1.6 g
- C13 g
- D0.625 g
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A reaction takes in 50 kJ of energy from the surroundings. Which statement is true?
- ANo energy change happened, because energy is conserved
- BIt is endothermic, and the products have more energy than the reactants
- CIt is exothermic, and the products have less energy than the reactants
- DIt is endothermic, and the products have less energy than the reactants
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Left anterior descending artery
Why this is the answer
The left anterior descending (anterior interventricular) artery supplies the anterior left ventricle and the anterior two thirds of the septum. Its blockage causes an anterior infarct.
C · Left anterior descending artery
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Spermatic cord
Why this is the answer
The inguinal canal carries the spermatic cord in males and the round ligament in females. The femoral vessels pass below the inguinal ligament instead.
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Increases about 16-fold
Why this is the answer
Resistance is proportional to 1/r⁴, so halving the radius raises resistance by 2⁴ = 16. This is why small changes in arteriole diameter control blood flow so strongly.
D · Increases about 16-fold
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Raised left atrial pressure increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
Why this is the answer
A failing left ventricle backs up pressure into the left atrium and pulmonary veins. High capillary hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid into the lung interstitium and alveoli.
D · Raised left atrial pressure increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · The carbon dioxide concentration
Why this is the answer
When light and temperature are good, the factor in shortest supply limits the rate. Here it is CO₂, so adding CO₂ would speed up photosynthesis. Growers sometimes add CO₂ to greenhouses for this reason.
C · The carbon dioxide concentration
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · They are correlated, perhaps because both rise in hot weather
Why this is the answer
Correlation does not prove causation. A hidden variable, warm weather, increases both ice-cream sales and swimming.
C · They are correlated, perhaps because both rise in hot weather
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 40 g
Why this is the answer
Mass = density × volume = 8 g/cm³ × 5 cm³ = 40 g. Dividing would give the wrong units.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · It is endothermic, and the products have more energy than the reactants
Why this is the answer
Energy taken in is stored in the products, so they are higher in energy: an endothermic reaction with a positive ΔH (+50 kJ).
B · It is endothermic, and the products have more energy than the reactants
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