1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which cranial nerve supplies the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles?
- AAccessory nerve (XI)
- BVagus nerve (X)
- CHypoglossal nerve (XII)
- DFacial nerve (VII)
2.Human anatomyHard
A lesion of the left optic tract causes which visual field defect?
- ALeft homonymous hemianopia
- BBitemporal hemianopia
- CRight homonymous hemianopia
- DBlindness in the left eye only
3.Human physiologyMedium
What does the QRS complex on an ECG represent?
- AVentricular repolarisation
- BVentricular depolarisation
- CAtrial repolarisation
- DAtrial depolarisation
4.Human physiologyHard
According to the length–tension relationship, why does a skeletal muscle fibre produce less force when overstretched?
- ACalcium is no longer released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum when stretched
- BThe neuromuscular junction stops working
- CThe muscle runs out of ATP when stretched
- DActin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is meant by independent assortment in meiosis?
- ADNA is copied separately in each chromosome
- BHomologous pairs line up randomly, so gametes get different mixes of chromosomes
- CAll chromosomes from the mother go into the same gamete
- DSister chromatids stay joined until the end of meiosis, so all gametes are identical
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A point mutation changes the codon GAA to GAG, and both code for glutamic acid. What kind of mutation is this?
- AA silent mutation
- BA frameshift mutation
- CA chromosomal deletion
- DA nonsense mutation
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Radioactive iodine (iodine-131) is used to treat some thyroid conditions. Why does it reach the thyroid?
- AIodine is strongly attracted to the metal ions stored in the neck
- BRadiation is always drawn toward the head
- CThe thyroid gland takes up iodine to make its hormones
- DIodine-131 is not radioactive inside the body
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A catalyst is added to an exothermic reaction. How does the energy diagram change?
- AThe reaction becomes endothermic
- BThe reactants start at a higher energy
- CThe products end up at a lower energy, so more heat is released
- DThe peak is lower, but the energy of reactants and products stays the same
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Accessory nerve (XI)
Why this is the answer
The accessory nerve (XI) supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. Damage weakens head turning and shoulder shrugging.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Right homonymous hemianopia
Why this is the answer
The left optic tract carries fibres from the left half of each retina, which see the right visual field. Its lesion causes loss of the right half of the field in both eyes.
C · Right homonymous hemianopia
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · Ventricular depolarisation
Why this is the answer
The P wave is atrial depolarisation, the QRS complex ventricular depolarisation and the T wave ventricular repolarisation. Atrial repolarisation is hidden in the QRS.
B · Ventricular depolarisation
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Actin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
Why this is the answer
Maximum force occurs at an optimal sarcomere length with best filament overlap. Overstretching reduces overlap; too short a length makes filaments collide.
D · Actin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Homologous pairs line up randomly, so gametes get different mixes of chromosomes
Why this is the answer
In metaphase I, each homologous pair lines up with its maternal or paternal chromosome facing either pole by chance. So each gamete receives a random mix of maternal and paternal chromosomes.
B · Homologous pairs line up randomly, so gametes get different mixes of chromosomes
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · A silent mutation
Why this is the answer
Because several codons code for the same amino acid, some base changes do not alter the protein. These are silent mutations.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · The thyroid gland takes up iodine to make its hormones
Why this is the answer
The thyroid absorbs iodine to make thyroid hormones and cannot tell radioactive iodine from normal iodine. So iodine-131 collects in the gland, where its radiation can destroy overactive thyroid tissue.
C · The thyroid gland takes up iodine to make its hormones
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · The peak is lower, but the energy of reactants and products stays the same
Why this is the answer
The catalyst lowers the activation energy (the peak), but the reactant and product energies are unchanged, so ΔH is the same. It speeds up the reaction without changing how much energy it releases.
D · The peak is lower, but the energy of reactants and products stays the same
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