1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured, typically after a fall on an outstretched hand?
- ALunate
- BPisiform
- CHamate
- DScaphoid
2.Human anatomyHard
In portal hypertension, oesophageal varices form at which portosystemic anastomosis?
- ABetween the paraumbilical veins and the epigastric veins
- BBetween the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
- CBetween the splenic vein and the left renal vein
- DBetween the superior rectal and middle rectal veins
3.Human physiologyMedium
According to Poiseuille's law, if the radius of an arteriole halves, its resistance to flow:
- ADoubles
- BIncreases 4-fold
- CIncreases about 16-fold
- DHalves
4.Human physiologyHard
Which change shifts the oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?
- ALower CO₂
- BHigher pH
- CHigher temperature
- DLower 2,3-BPG
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Where does the oxygen released by photosynthesis come from?
- AFrom carbon dioxide molecules that are split
- BFrom water molecules that are split
- CFrom glucose that is broken down
- DFrom chlorophyll that is used up
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
The lion is Panthera leo, the tiger is Panthera tigris and the house cat is Felis catus. Which two are most closely related?
- AThe lion and the tiger
- BAll three are equally related
- CThe lion and the house cat
- DThe tiger and the house cat
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which kind of reaction is AgNO₃ + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO₃?
- ACombustion
- BSingle replacement
- CDouble replacement
- DDecomposition
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Alkanes follow the general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂. What is the formula of the alkane with 4 carbon atoms?
- AC₄H₁₀
- BC₄H₁₂
- CC₄H₆
- DC₄H₈
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Scaphoid
Why this is the answer
The scaphoid is the most often fractured carpal bone. Tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox is a key clinical sign.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Between the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
Why this is the answer
At the lower oesophagus, portal blood in the left gastric vein meets systemic blood in the oesophageal veins draining to the azygos system. High portal pressure dilates these veins.
B · Between the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · Increases about 16-fold
Why this is the answer
Resistance is proportional to 1/r⁴, so halving the radius raises resistance by 2⁴ = 16. This is why small changes in arteriole diameter control blood flow so strongly.
C · Increases about 16-fold
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Higher temperature
Why this is the answer
Higher temperature, CO₂, H⁺ (lower pH) and 2,3-BPG lower haemoglobin's affinity and shift the curve right, releasing more oxygen to active tissues.
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · From water molecules that are split
Why this is the answer
In the light-dependent reactions, water is split to replace electrons lost by chlorophyll, and oxygen is released. The carbon atoms from CO₂ end up in sugar.
B · From water molecules that are split
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · The lion and the tiger
Why this is the answer
The lion and tiger share the genus Panthera, while the house cat is in a different genus. Sharing a lower rank, such as genus, means a closer relationship than sharing only a family.
A · The lion and the tiger
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Double replacement
Why this is the answer
The cations and anions switch partners: AB + CD → AD + CB. Here insoluble AgCl forms a precipitate.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · C₄H₁₀
Why this is the answer
For n = 4: H = 2(4) + 2 = 10, so the formula is C₄H₁₀ (butane). C₄H₈ fits CₙH₂ₙ, the alkene formula.
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