1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which cranial nerve controls most of the muscles of facial expression?
- AFacial nerve (VII)
- BTrigeminal nerve (V)
- COculomotor nerve (III)
- DHypoglossal nerve (XII)
2.Human anatomyHard
Where does the thoracic duct usually empty its lymph into the blood?
- AJunction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
- BInferior vena cava at the level of the kidneys
- CRight atrium directly
- DJunction of the right subclavian and right internal jugular veins
3.Human physiologyMedium
During contraction of a skeletal muscle sarcomere, which band stays the same length?
- AI band
- BThe whole sarcomere
- CA band
- DH zone
4.Human physiologyHard
Which transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is key to building the medullary concentration gradient?
- AThe Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2)
- BThe sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT2)
- CAquaporin-2 water channels
- DThe epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What does it mean that a person's blood is Rh negative?
- ATheir red cells lack the RhD antigen
- BTheir red cells carry extra RhD antigen
- CTheir plasma has no antibodies at all
- DTheir red cells lack the A and B antigens
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
What is the main advantage of a double-blind study?
- ATwice as many patients can be studied
- BThe study can be finished without a control group
- CExpectations of patients and researchers cannot bias the results
- DThe researchers always know exactly which patients received the real drug
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
A reaction has ΔH = −890 kJ/mol. What does the negative sign tell you?
- AThe reaction is exothermic
- BThe reaction is endothermic
- CThe reaction is at equilibrium
- DThe reaction needs a catalyst
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
In the equation N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃, how many grams of ammonia (17 g/mol) can be made from 1 mol of N₂ with excess hydrogen?
- A17 g
- B28 g
- C34 g
- D51 g
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Facial nerve (VII)
Why this is the answer
The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) supplies the muscles of facial expression. Damage causes facial palsy, as in Bell's palsy.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
Why this is the answer
The thoracic duct drains lymph from both legs, the abdomen and the left side of the upper body into the left venous angle. The right lymphatic duct drains the rest into the right venous angle.
A · Junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · A band
Why this is the answer
In the sliding filament model, filaments slide past each other without shortening. The A band (myosin length) stays the same while the I band and H zone shorten.
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · The Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2)
Why this is the answer
NKCC2 moves Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl⁻ out of the tubule into the interstitium without water, building the medullary gradient. Loop diuretics such as furosemide block it.
A · The Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2)
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Their red cells lack the RhD antigen
Why this is the answer
Rh-positive red cells carry the RhD antigen and Rh-negative cells do not. An Rh-negative person can make anti-D antibodies if exposed to Rh-positive blood.
A · Their red cells lack the RhD antigen
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Expectations of patients and researchers cannot bias the results
Why this is the answer
In a double-blind study neither the participants nor the people assessing them know who gets the treatment, which removes bias from expectations.
C · Expectations of patients and researchers cannot bias the results
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · The reaction is exothermic
Why this is the answer
A negative ΔH means the system loses energy to the surroundings, so the reaction is exothermic. A positive ΔH means energy is absorbed (endothermic). This value is for burning methane.
A · The reaction is exothermic
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 34 g
Why this is the answer
The mole ratio N₂ : NH₃ is 1 : 2, so 2 mol × 17 g/mol = 34 g of ammonia.
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