1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which part of the brainstem contains the main cardiovascular and respiratory centres?
- AMidbrain
- BCerebellum
- CPons
- DMedulla oblongata
2.Human anatomyHard
Why does an inhaled foreign body more often lodge in the right main bronchus than the left?
- AThe right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical
- BThe right lung has stronger airflow due to the heart's position
- CThe left bronchus is closed by the epiglottis
- DThe right bronchus is narrower and more horizontal
3.Human physiologyMedium
Low plasma albumin, as in severe liver disease, causes oedema mainly because:
- APlasma oncotic pressure falls
- BLymphatic drainage increases
- CCapillary hydrostatic pressure falls
- DThe capillaries become impermeable
4.Human physiologyHard
In a patient with primary hypothyroidism, you would expect:
- AHigh TSH and low free T4
- BLow TSH and high free T4
- CHigh TSH and high free T4
- DLow TSH and low free T4
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which sequence is complementary to the DNA strand A-T-G-C-C-A?
- AA-T-G-C-C-A
- BU-A-C-G-G-U
- CG-C-A-T-T-G
- DT-A-C-G-G-T
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A DNA sample contains 30% adenine. What percentage of its bases are guanine?
- A40%
- B70%
- C30%
- D20%
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is the mass of 0.5 mol of NaCl (molar mass 58.5 g/mol)?
- A117 g
- B58.5 g
- C29.25 g
- D0.5 g
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
An element in period 3 forms an oxide with the formula X₂O₃. Which element is X?
- APhosphorus
- BSodium
- CMagnesium
- DAluminium
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Medulla oblongata
Why this is the answer
The medulla oblongata contains the vital centres that regulate heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rhythm.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · The right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical
Why this is the answer
The right main bronchus is wider, shorter and continues more directly in line with the trachea, so aspirated objects tend to fall into it.
A · The right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Plasma oncotic pressure falls
Why this is the answer
Albumin generates most of the plasma oncotic pressure that pulls fluid back into capillaries. When it falls, more fluid stays in the tissues.
A · Plasma oncotic pressure falls
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · High TSH and low free T4
Why this is the answer
When the thyroid fails, low T4 removes negative feedback and the pituitary raises TSH. Low TSH with low T4 would point to secondary (pituitary) hypothyroidism.
A · High TSH and low free T4
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · T-A-C-G-G-T
Why this is the answer
Each base is replaced by its partner: A→T, T→A, G→C, C→G. Using U would make an RNA copy, not a DNA strand.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 20%
Why this is the answer
Adenine = thymine = 30%, so A + T = 60%. The remaining 40% is split equally between G and C, giving 20% guanine (Chargaff's rule).
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 29.25 g
Why this is the answer
0.5 mol × 58.5 g/mol = 29.25 g. Dividing instead of multiplying gives 117, which has the wrong units.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Aluminium
Why this is the answer
Three O²⁻ ions give 6− in total, so two X ions must give 6+, meaning X³⁺. The period 3 metal that forms 3+ ions is aluminium (group 13), giving Al₂O₃.
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