1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which spinal nerve roots form the brachial plexus?
- AC3 to C7
- BC1 to C4
- CC5 to T1
- DT1 to T5
2.Human anatomyHard
After an injury at the medial epicondyle of the elbow, a patient has numbness of the little finger and weakness of finger abduction. Which nerve is affected?
- AMusculocutaneous nerve
- BMedian nerve
- CRadial nerve
- DUlnar nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
Why does glucose appear in the urine in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?
- AThe filtered load exceeds the tubular transport maximum
- BThe glomerulus stops filtering glucose
- CInsulin is needed for glucose reabsorption in the tubule
- DThe collecting duct actively secretes glucose
4.Human physiologyHard
A patient's arterial blood gas shows pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 7.8 kPa (59 mmHg) and normal bicarbonate. What is the most likely disturbance?
- AMetabolic acidosis
- BCompensated metabolic alkalosis
- CRespiratory alkalosis
- DAcute respiratory acidosis
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Why do the palisade cells near the top surface of a leaf contain many chloroplasts?
- AThey protect the leaf from insects and strong winds
- BThey store most of the plant's water for dry periods
- CThey get the most light and do most of the photosynthesis
- DThey carry sugars from the leaves down to the roots
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Two parents are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disorder. They have three children. What is the probability that none of the three is affected?
- A27/64
- B3/4
- C1/64
- D9/16
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
At STP (0 °C and 1 atm), what volume does 1 mole of an ideal gas occupy?
- A1.0 L
- B22.4 L
- C6.02 L
- D273 L
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A strip of magnesium is burned in air and the white ash weighs more than the original strip. Why?
- AOxygen from the air has combined with the magnesium
- BMass was created during the reaction
- CMagnesium atoms became heavier when heated
- DThe ash absorbed water from the flame
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · C5 to T1
Why this is the answer
The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1. It gives rise to the main nerves of the arm.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Ulnar nerve
Why this is the answer
The ulnar nerve passes behind the medial epicondyle. It supplies most intrinsic hand muscles, including the interossei, and the skin of the little finger.
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · The filtered load exceeds the tubular transport maximum
Why this is the answer
Proximal tubule SGLT carriers can reabsorb only so much glucose. When plasma glucose is high, the filtered load exceeds this maximum and the excess is excreted.
A · The filtered load exceeds the tubular transport maximum
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Acute respiratory acidosis
Why this is the answer
Low pH with high CO₂ points to a respiratory acidosis. Bicarbonate has not risen yet, so the kidneys have not compensated: it is acute.
D · Acute respiratory acidosis
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · They get the most light and do most of the photosynthesis
Why this is the answer
Palisade cells lie just below the upper surface, where light is strongest. Packing them with chloroplasts lets the leaf capture as much light as possible for photosynthesis.
C · They get the most light and do most of the photosynthesis
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 27/64
Why this is the answer
For each child, P(unaffected) = 3/4. For three independent children, multiply: 3/4 × 3/4 × 3/4 = 27/64, about 42%.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · 22.4 L
Why this is the answer
One mole of any ideal gas at 0 °C and 1 atm occupies 22.4 L, called the molar volume. It does not depend on which gas it is.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Oxygen from the air has combined with the magnesium
Why this is the answer
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO. The ash includes oxygen atoms taken from the air, so it weighs more than the magnesium alone. In a closed system, total mass would not change.
A · Oxygen from the air has combined with the magnesium
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