1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which cranial nerve supplies the lateral rectus muscle of the eye?
- AAbducens nerve (VI)
- BTrochlear nerve (IV)
- COculomotor nerve (III)
- DOptic nerve (II)
2.Human anatomyHard
Which ligament of the knee prevents the tibia from sliding forward relative to the femur?
- AAnterior cruciate ligament
- BPosterior cruciate ligament
- CMedial collateral ligament
- DPatellar ligament
3.Human physiologyMedium
Why is the oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve S-shaped?
- ARed cells change size as they take up oxygen
- BBinding of one oxygen makes the next bind more easily
- COxygen dissolves better in plasma at high partial pressure
- DHaemoglobin can bind only one oxygen molecule
4.Human physiologyHard
During exercise, blood flow to active skeletal muscle rises greatly. What is the main cause?
- AThe heart pumps blood only to the muscles
- BThe parasympathetic system dilates all arteries
- CSympathetic stimulation constricts the muscle arterioles via alpha receptors
- DLocal metabolites such as CO₂, H⁺, K⁺ and adenosine dilate the arterioles
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which element is found in all amino acids but not in carbohydrates?
- ANitrogen
- BCarbon
- COxygen
- DHydrogen
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
HIV infects and destroys helper T cells. Why do people with untreated advanced HIV get infections that healthy people rarely get?
- ATheir immune response is too weak to control normally harmless microbes
- BHIV kills the normal flora of the skin and gut
- CHelper T cells make the antibiotics that the body needs to fight infection
- DThe virus turns harmless microbes into pathogens
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
At 20 °C, about 36 g of NaCl dissolves in 100 g of water. If 50 g of NaCl is stirred into 100 g of water at 20 °C, what happens?
- AAbout 14 g dissolves and about 36 g stays undissolved
- BNone of the salt dissolves
- CAbout 36 g dissolves and about 14 g stays undissolved
- DAll 50 g dissolves
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Which bond is the most polar?
- AC–H
- BH–H
- CH–F
- DCl–Cl
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Abducens nerve (VI)
Why this is the answer
The abducens nerve (VI) supplies lateral rectus. A lesion stops the eye moving outwards and causes horizontal double vision.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Anterior cruciate ligament
Why this is the answer
The anterior cruciate ligament limits anterior translation of the tibia; a positive anterior drawer or Lachman test suggests an ACL tear.
A · Anterior cruciate ligament
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · Binding of one oxygen makes the next bind more easily
Why this is the answer
Haemoglobin shows cooperative binding: each bound O₂ increases the affinity of the remaining sites, giving a sigmoid curve.
B · Binding of one oxygen makes the next bind more easily
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Local metabolites such as CO₂, H⁺, K⁺ and adenosine dilate the arterioles
Why this is the answer
Active hyperaemia: metabolites produced by working muscle relax arteriolar smooth muscle locally, overriding sympathetic vasoconstriction in that tissue.
D · Local metabolites such as CO₂, H⁺, K⁺ and adenosine dilate the arterioles
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Nitrogen
Why this is the answer
Every amino acid has an amino group (–NH₂), which contains nitrogen. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Their immune response is too weak to control normally harmless microbes
Why this is the answer
Helper T cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells. When they are lost, the immune system cannot control microbes that it would normally keep in check, leading to opportunistic infections.
A · Their immune response is too weak to control normally harmless microbes
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · About 36 g dissolves and about 14 g stays undissolved
Why this is the answer
Only up to the solubility limit (about 36 g per 100 g water) can dissolve. The rest, about 14 g, stays as solid, and the solution above it is saturated.
C · About 36 g dissolves and about 14 g stays undissolved
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · H–F
Why this is the answer
Fluorine is the most electronegative element, so the H–F bond has the largest electronegativity difference. H–H and Cl–Cl are nonpolar, and C–H is nearly nonpolar.
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