1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of which two veins?
- ASuperior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
- BSuperior mesenteric vein and left renal vein
- CInferior vena cava and renal vein
- DHepatic vein and splenic vein
2.Human anatomyHard
When inserting a chest drain or needle into the pleural space, why is it placed just above the upper border of a rib?
- AThe lung does not reach the area above each rib
- BThe intercostal muscles are absent above each rib
- CThe intercostal vein, artery and nerve run along the lower border of each rib
- DThe pleura is thickest just above each rib
3.Human physiologyMedium
The hormone secretin is released when acid enters the duodenum. What is its main effect?
- ABicarbonate secretion from the pancreas
- BInsulin release from the endocrine pancreas
- CAcid secretion from the stomach
- DContraction of the gallbladder
4.Human physiologyHard
Which substance's clearance is used as the gold standard to measure glomerular filtration rate?
- AInulin
- BUrea
- CCreatinine
- DGlucose
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
A red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, and all offspring have pink flowers. What does this show?
- ACodominance
- BIncomplete dominance
- CA sex-linked trait
- DComplete dominance
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Why do phospholipids arrange themselves into a double layer in water?
- ATheir heads are hydrophobic and their tails are hydrophilic
- BTheir heads are hydrophilic and their tails are hydrophobic
- CThey carry a strong positive charge on both ends
- DThey are fully soluble in water
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What kind of bond is found in a molecule of oxygen gas, O₂?
- AAn ionic bond
- BA metallic bond
- CA nonpolar covalent double bond
- DA polar covalent single bond
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Pepsin digests protein in the stomach at about pH 2, but it stops working once food moves into the small intestine, where the pH is higher. Why?
- APepsin is used up completely in the stomach, just like a reactant
- BPepsin only works on fats in the small intestine
- CThe change in pH alters the shape of pepsin's active site
- DThe small intestine is too cold for any enzyme
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
Why this is the answer
The portal vein forms behind the neck of the pancreas from the superior mesenteric and splenic veins. It carries nutrient-rich blood to the liver.
A · Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · The intercostal vein, artery and nerve run along the lower border of each rib
Why this is the answer
The intercostal neurovascular bundle (vein, artery, nerve from above down) lies in the costal groove under each rib. Going just above the rib below avoids it.
C · The intercostal vein, artery and nerve run along the lower border of each rib
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas
Why this is the answer
Secretin stimulates pancreatic duct cells to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid, which neutralises acidic chyme so intestinal enzymes can work.
A · Bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · Inulin
Why this is the answer
Inulin is filtered freely and is not reabsorbed or secreted, so its clearance equals GFR exactly. Creatinine is slightly secreted, so it overestimates GFR a little.
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Incomplete dominance
Why this is the answer
In incomplete dominance the heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype. In codominance both traits would show fully, for example red and white patches.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Their heads are hydrophilic and their tails are hydrophobic
Why this is the answer
The phosphate heads are attracted to water, while the fatty acid tails avoid it. In water they form a bilayer with the heads facing the watery fluid on both sides and the tails hidden in the middle.
B · Their heads are hydrophilic and their tails are hydrophobic
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · A nonpolar covalent double bond
Why this is the answer
Two identical atoms share electrons equally, so the bond is nonpolar covalent; in O₂ two pairs are shared, making a double bond.
C · A nonpolar covalent double bond
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · The change in pH alters the shape of pepsin's active site
Why this is the answer
Enzymes work best at an optimum pH. Away from it, changes in charge on the enzyme disturb the bonds holding its shape, so the active site no longer fits the substrate.
C · The change in pH alters the shape of pepsin's active site
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